To evaluate research exploring food policy, practice, and provision in Early Childhood Education and Care settings (ECEC), using the socioecological model (SEM).

A scoping review was conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Methodology for scoping reviews and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Five databases were systematically searched. Eligible studies were retrieved after full-text screening. Data were extracted and synthesised based on food policy, practice, and provision concepts and grouped according to SEM level. Results were presented using a narrative summary.

Twenty-four studies were included, the majority had qualitative (n=13, 54%) or cross-sectional study designs (n=11, 46%) and presented findings at the organisational SEM level. Nursery settings were most represented (n=16, 67%), followed by childminders (n=5, 21%), then preschools (n=3, 13%). Studies were conducted in England (n=20, 83%) and Scotland (n=2, 8%), however no studies were undertaken in Wales or Northern Ireland. Studies reported poor adherence to food policies in ECEC. Recommended practices were frequently adhered to, however, food provided did not consistently meet nutritional recommendations. Common barriers to implementing healthy food practices and provision were cost, staff shortages, lack of training, and awareness of available guidance.

This review identified a need for research that targets a range of SEM levels, and is conducted in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Our findings support the need for increased governmental support for ECEC, through food standards, free meal provision for ECEC, and more accessible nutrition training.