Canadian political parties are charged with aggregating the interests of a diverse and changing electorate in order to balance particularistic local demands with general national interests. This article asks what kind of organizations have they adopted to do this? How does their organizational character shape their capacities and their practices? The argument outlines a franchise organization model and explores the extent to which it can be used to explain Canadian party behaviour. The article exploits this model to analyze questions of party membership, the place of incumbents, leadership and electoral organization as they are played out in Canadian politics.

Police, as agents of the state, affect its legitimacy by their acts and the way they carry them out. They enjoy considerable powers and autonomy, in comparison with most public employees. Oddly, public administration studies almost ignore them. During the 1990s, the Sûreté du Québec experienced a number of problems of control and responsibility, not because of corruption but because of excess zeal, irresponsibility and sometimes incompetence. Several inquiries and studies, culminating with the massive Poitras Commission report of 1998, revealed a variety of problems, but many points in common. These studies show that while the SQ has known familiar problems rooted in police culture and the power of the police union, a whole range of measures could be pursued by the Department of Public Security and by the SQ to make it more open, more effective and more responsible. Several reforms now taking place could change the orgnizational culture of the Sûreté.

This article compares public service reform in Canada, France and the United Kingdom from the perspective of the extent and mode of incorporation of neoliberal policy ideas into reform agendas and programmes. It does so with a view to advancing discussion of the role of ideas as an explanatory category in ''historical institutionalist'' accounts of policy realignment. Resilience or permeability to change is linked to the pattern of interaction between ideas and institutions embedded in national and provincial public service regimes, and particularly to constitutive ideals of citizenship and public authority. The article highlights the respective roles of political, administrative and judicial elites in filtering the reception of new reform ideas in the three countries in an era of neoliberal globalization.

Both Harold Laski and C. B. Macpherson attempted to reconcile elements of liberalism and Marxism in their work. Macpherson offered a clearer and more precise argument about the ways in which capitalist market relations frustrate freedom, equality and the development of the individual. Laski provided a clearer and more consistent account of human nature, which is necessary to sustain such an argument. Macpherson, in turn, reformulated the distinction between negative and positive liberty, which had remained an unresolved problem in Laski's account of human nature. The respective strengths of Laski and Macpherson may be combined to provide a coherent and cogent ideological position.

The expanding public policy role of high courts heightens concerns over whether societal and political inequalities affect the outcomes of litigation. However, comparative research on this question is limited. This article assesses whether status inequalities between parties and differences in the experience and resources of attorneys influence the selection of cases for judicial review in the Supreme Court of Canada. A series of statistical models reveal that governments are more likely than other parties to influence whether leave is granted but that the experience and resources of lawyers, unlike in the United States, have little impact. The decentralized, low volume and high access features of the Canadian process may explain this finding.

The article reports the findings of a study of the 43 institutional arrangements in the most severely polluted bays, harbours, river mouths and connecting channels in the Great Lakes of North America. These arrangements were designed by the governments of Canada and the United States and their respective provinces and states, in order to formulate and implement Remedial Action Plans (RAPs) to restore impaired beneficial uses. The RAPs were conceived, adopted and monitored by the International Joint Commission. The theory of common property resources is used to develop a conceptual framework to assess the effectiveness of the RAPs. Success at the planning stages is associated with a representative and inclusive process of ''stakeholder'' agenda setting, and success at an implementation stage with a system of pooled interdependencies among implementing organizations. There are, however, competing incentives for the bureaucratic organizations that design RAPs, and evidence suggests that these can be more powerful than the RAP programme itself. The success of the RAPs is thus mixed.

This article considers the degree to which characteristics of the ideological model of political parties are evident in the Canadian party system. Four questions are considered: are members attracted to parties on the basis of their policy positions; is there a structure to party members' issue attitudes; is there significant attitudinal space between the parties; and is there cohesion within the parties on the identified attitudinal measures? Data collected through a national mail survey of members of the five federal parties are used to answer these questions. The article finds there is substantial evidence of the ideological model in the Canadian party system and concludes by considering the effect this may have on the brokerage traditions of Canadian parties.

This article argues against the apparent aversion to apply positive political models in the comparative literature on non-Western politics. To provide an example of the utility of such models, the article draws on Peter Van Roozendaal's game theoretical model of cabinet stability to account for the instability of coalition governments in India. It argues that government durability in this non-Western democracy can be modeled as the function of the motivations and incentives of two sets of key actors, the dominant and the central parties, the same way as it can in a Western context.

Kelly, Stéphane. Les fins du Canada: selon Macdonald,Laurier,Mackenzie King et Trudeau. Par François Charbonneau900

Cross, William, ed. Political Parties, Representation, andElectoralDemocracy in Canada. By Nelson Wiseman 901

Boisvert,Yves, Jacques Hamel et Marc Molgat, sous la direction de.Vivre lacitoyenneté. Identité, appartenance et participation. ParChristianNadeau 903

Doern, G. Bruce, Arslan Dorman and RobertW. Morrison, eds.Canadian Nuclear Energy Policy: Changing Ideas,Institutions, andInterests. By Genevieve Fuji Johnson906

Seymour, Michel. Le pari de la démesure.L'intransigeance canadienneface au Québec. Par FrançoisRocher 908

Doran, Charles F. Why Canadian Unity Matters and WhyAmericans Care: Democratic Pluralism at Risk. By Garth Stevenson910

Bakvis, Herman and Grace Skogstad, eds. Canadian Federalism:Performance,Effectiveness, and Legitimacy. By Willem Maas912

Poitras, Guy. Inventing North America: Canada, Mexico andthe UnitedStates. By Maureen Appel Molot 914

Cuccioletta,Donald, Jean-François Côté et FrédéricLesemann,sous la direction de. Le grand récit desAmériques. Polyphonie desidentités culturelles dans lecontexte de la mondialisation. Par JeanRousseau 915

Pue, W.Wesley, ed. Pepper in our Eyes: The APEC Affair. By Sharon A.Manna918

Delannoi, Gil et Pierre-André Taguieff, sous ladirection de. Nationalismesen perspective. Par FrédéricBoily 920

Stevenson, Garth. Community Besieged: The AnglophoneMinority andthe Politics of Quebec. By Stephen Brooks923

Mény, Yves and Yves Surel, eds. Democracies and thePopulist Challenge;and Taggart, Paul. Populism. By Andrej Zaslove924

Gainsborough, Juliet F. Fenced Off: The Suburbanization ofAmericanPolitics. By Andrew Sancton 927

Sineau, Mariette.Profession : femme politique. Sexe et pouvoir sous laCinquièmerépublique. Par Chantal Maillé 928

Nissen, Bruce,ed. Which Direction for Organized Labor? Essays onOrganizing,Outreach, and Internal Transformations. By Greg Albo931

Dashwood, Hevina S. Zimbabwe: The Political Economy ofTransformation.By Sara Rich Dorman 933

Bonin, Pierre-Yves,sous la direction de. Mondialisation : perspectivesphilosophiques. ParHélène Pellerin 935

Diamond, Larry and Ramon H.Myers, eds. Elections and Democracy inGreater China. By Jeremy Paltiel936

Polo, Anne-Lise. La Nef marrane : essai sur le retour dujudaïsme auxportes de l'Occident. Par SophieRégnière 939

Hazony, Yoram. The Jewish State: TheStruggle for Israel's Soul. By NeilCaplan and Rueven Shultz941

Embong, Abdul Rahman and Jurgen Rudolph, eds. Southeast Asiaintothe Twenty First Century: Crisis and Beyond. By Erik M.Kuhonta943

Sidjanski, Dusan. The Federal Future of Europe.From the European Communityto the European Union. By Amy Verdun945

Capling, Ann. Australia and the Global Trade System: FromHavana toSeattle. By Nobuaki Suyama 946

Thompson, John B.Political Scandal: Power and Visibility in the MediaAge. ByConstantine J. Spiliotes 947

Rozell, Mark J. and Clyde Wilcox,eds. The Clinton Scandal and the Future of American Government. By HansHacker 949

Volkoff, Vladimir. Désinformations parl'image. Par Yves Laberge 952

Graber, Doris A. ProcessingPolitics: Learning from Television in the InternetAge. By Terri SusanFine 952

Delacampagne, Christian. Le philosophe et le tyran. ParFrancis Dupuis-Déri 954

Gaukroger, Stephen. FrancisBacon and the Transformation of Early-Modern Philosophy. By Travis D.Smith 955

Grell, Ole Peter and Roy Porter, eds. Toleration inEnlightenedEurope. By Jene M. Porter 957

Murphy, Andrew R.Conscience and Community: Revisiting Toleration andReligious Dissentin Early Modern England and America. By MarkDavid Hall959

Todorov, Tzvetan. Frail Happiness: An Essay on Rousseau. ByRosanneKennedy 960

Braybrooke, David. Natural Law Modernized.By John von Heyking962

Munzer, Stephen R., ed. New Essays inthe Legal and Political Theory ofProperty. By Rowan Cruft964

Dallmayr, Fred and José M. Rosales, eds. BeyondNationalism? Sovereigntyand Citizenship. By Josep Costa966

David, Charles-Philippe. La guerre et la paix : Approchescontemporainesde la sécurité et la stratégie. ParJean-Sébastien Rioux 967

Deveaux, Monique. CulturalPluralism and Dilemmas of Justice. ByPhilip Parvin 970

Barry,Brian. Culture and Equality. By Patti Tamara Lenard 972

Hampshire, Stuart. Justice is Conflict. By Colin Farrelly 975

Miller, David and Sohail H. Hashmi, eds. Boundaries and Justice:Diverse Ethical Perspectives. By Seana Sugrue 976

Cohen, Herman J. Intervening in Africa: Superpower Peacemaking in aTroubled Continent. By Carola Weil 978

Nye, Joseph S. and John D. Donahue, eds. Governance in a GlobalizingWorld. By William D. Coleman 980

Rupert, Mark. Ideologies of Globalization: Contending Visions of a NewWorld Order. By Stephen McBride 981

Thomas, Daniel C. The Helsinki Effect: International Norms, HumanRights, and the Demise of Communism. By Morton Winston 982

Stevis, Dimitris and Valerie J. Assetto, eds. The International PoliticalEconomy of the Environment. By Edward Sankowski 984