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Chapter 7 - Locke, Rule of Law, Limited Government

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 May 2025

William A. Edmundson
Affiliation:
Georgia State University
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Summary

Locke held that any number of persons might join together to form a government. He imposed no limitation on the knowledge or reasoning that joiners might make use of. It is likely that Locke imagined that governments typically arose by consensus among private landowners, who then by a majority vote chose the procedure by which the legislative power was to operate. It is safe to say that Locke did not favor a wide suffrage or democracy. Locke also did not insist on any strict separation of executive and legislative powers: Of necessity, the executive must have a “prerogative power” to further the common good even if contrary to legislation. The notions of an independent judiciary and judicial review of legislation are nowhere found in Locke. Locke did, however, advocate reform of the composition of Parliament to make it more representative. And he was defensive of the rights of commoners against enclosures – so, logically, he may have favored a wider franchise.

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Chapter
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The Social Contract
Political Equality from Putney to Rawls
, pp. 81 - 93
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2025

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