An Introduction
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 September 2025
Chapter 1 examines the integration of technology into the justice system, highlighting the historical reluctance of courts to fully embrace digital advancements due to technological limitations, traditional perceptions of court authority and inclusivity concerns. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of digital courts, marking a significant shift towards long-term judicial reform. The concept of “smart courts” is introduced, characterized by sophisticated, comprehensive and automated processes that distinguish them from earlier e-court models. The chapter outlines the components of smart courts, including digital litigation services, AI-assisted adjudication, automated enforcement, advanced case management and robust governance. A historical overview traces the stages of technological integration, from computerization to automation, and provides comparative analyses of smart court initiatives in China, England, Singapore, the USA, Canada and Italy. The chapter concludes by emphasizing the global trend towards judicial digitalization and sets the stage for a deeper exploration of specific technological applications in subsequent chapters.
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