Appendix for Chapter 1

In the table below, I summarize the search results in Chinese news and academic journals for the phrase “state advancement and retreat of the private sector” (guo jin min tui). I summarize several forms of state advancement from these articles, including:

• Shutdown of the private sector. This means the government uses administrative means or changes laws and policies to suspend or ban only the private companies in a sector.

• Merger and acquisition. This is when a state-owned enterprise (SOE) acquires or merges with a private company, resulting in the private company becoming a branch of the SOE.

• Shareholder sale to SOEs. This is when an SOE purchases shares of a private firm.

• Shareholder sale to local government. This is when a local government purchases shares of a private firm.

• Nationalization. This is when an SOE or a local government acquires 100 percent of a private firm’s ownership and thus converts a private firm into an SOE.

• Restrictions on entry of private firms. This occurs when the government changes laws, policies, or bidding requirements in a way that effectively restricts private firms from entering a sector.

All the source articles can be accessed in this online archive: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/11YHwSh7a_mLVR-QUnKU7tm9OI_AIrxTw?usp=drive_link