This chapter explores the contested terrain of “subsidies” as applied to the Gulf region’s energy policies by multilateral organizations. It reviews how the Gulf states navigate the definitions and regulations established by international bodies such as the World Trade Organization and the International Energy Agency, and reviews the region’s defense of its energy pricing regimes in the face of international scrutiny. The chapter also analyzes how these low and regulated energy pricing frameworks, viewed as integral to the Gulf’s social contract and industrial strategy, present a challenge to established international norms and trade policies. Furthermore, this analysis extends to the strategic positioning of Gulf states within global forums, where they strive to align their energy practices with international trade standards while safeguarding their development priorities. By doing so, Gulf states aim to shape the future direction of global energy governance in a way that accommodates their specific economic and developmental needs.