Mashal Aamir is a barrister and humanitarian. She is a graduate law student at the University of Oxford and graduate of the University of Cambridge and Glasgow University. Aamir is currently in South Korea assisting defectors from North Korea in upholding their human rights. She works as a researcher at the University of Dundee, Scotland. Previously she worked for the British government, the International Criminal Court, Legal Aid USA, and Pakistan’s Supreme Court, among others. Aamir has written on transgender rights in prison, and feminist legal perspectives in Pakistan.

Salima Ahmadi is an international consultant and researcher. She worked for over a decade in Afghanistan, India, and Sri Lanka before having to migrate to Canada. She has worked with Amnesty International, Afghanistan Analysts Network, and New York University in Afghanistan. Her work focus has been on education, women’s empowerment, and human rights and minority rights issues. Ahmadi holds an MBA from the University of Bedfordshire and a BA in International and Comparative Politics from the American University of Central Asia.

Afroza Anwary is Professor of Sociology at Minnesota State University, Mankato. She holds a PhD from the University of Minnesota, and her main research interests are social movements, contradictions of globalisation, human rights, gender-based violence, and genocide.

Sareta Ashraph is a barrister specialising in international criminal law. She serves as Senior Legal Adviser to the US Holocaust Memorial Museum’s Center for the Prevention of Genocide and to the Center for Justice & Accountability. Ashraph served as Director of Investigations at the UN Investigative Team to promote accountability for the crimes committed by Da’esh/ISIL (2020–2022); Legal Analyst to the UN Commission of Inquiry on Syria (2012–2016) and the Commission of Inquiry on Libya (2012); Legal Adviser to the Defence Office of the International Criminal Court (2010–2011); and Defence Co-Counsel before the Special Court for Sierra Leone (2003–2009). She teaches ‘Gender and International Crimes’ at the Geneva Academy.

Kerstin Braun is Associate Professor and Associate Head (Research) at the School of Law and Justice at the University of Southern Queensland. Her interest is in criminal law and procedure, including international perspectives, comparative law, and human rights law. Prior to commencing work as an academic, Braun practised law as an associate at Baker & McKenzie at the Berlin office.

Louise Chappell is Scientia Professor of the Australian Human Rights Institute, the Faculty of Law and Justice at the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. Chappell has published widely on gender and international law.

Maxine Beneba Clarke is an Australian of Afro-Caribbean descent, and the author of many books, including the bestselling memoir The Hate Race (2016), the Australian Book Industry Awards and Indie Award-winning short fiction collection Foreign Soil (2014), and the critically acclaimed poetry collections Carrying the World (2016), How Decent Folk Behave (2021), and It’s the Sound of the Thing:100 New Poems for Young People (2023). She is the inaugural Peter Steele Poet in Residence at the University of Melbourne.

Lisa Davis is Professor of Law at City University of New York (CUNY) Law School, is Special Adviser on Gender Persecution to the International Criminal Court Prosecutor and is also Co-Director of the Human Rights & Gender Justice Clinic. Her work has focused on human rights and gender justice issues, including women’s rights and LBGTQI+ rights in conflict and disaster settings. Davis has also testified before the US Congress, UK Parliament, the Inter-American Commission of Human Rights, and various other human rights bodies.

J. Jarpa Dawuni is Associate Professor of Political Science at Howard University. A lawyer by training, an educator by passion, and a social entrepreneur by calling, she is the founding director of the Howard University Centre of Women, Gender and Global Leadership, and founder of the non-profit organisation the Institute for African Women in Law. A multi-award winner, she is a leading scholar on women in law across Africa who has published pioneering work on women in the legal professions.

Alice Dieci is a human rights advocate and lawyer, having served for about a decade in the United Nations, civil society, and private law firms. Her work has included human rights monitoring and investigation in conflict, post-conflict, and crisis settings with the UN peacekeeping missions in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Central African Republic as well as with the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights in Colombia, Venezuela, and at its headquarters in Geneva, assisting the UN Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons. Her areas of interest and expertise include sexual violence, gender issues and LGBTIQ+ rights, trafficking, peacebuilding, and transitional justice. She participated in research projects at the London School of Economics and the Geneva Academy and has been a teaching assistant at the Law Faculty of the University of Modena (Italy).

Sandrine de Herdt is Assistant Professor at the O. P. Jindal Global University, India, and a researcher at Athens Public International Law Centre, National and Kapodistian University of Athens. She obtained an LLM in Public International Law from the Catholic University of Louvain, Belgium.

Sarah Easy is an Australian lawyer who has a master’s in Human Rights and Humanitarian Action from the Paris Institute of Political Sciences (Sciences Po). In parallel, she works as a research assistant at the Australian Human Rights Institute with a focus on gender issues. Easy has previously worked with human rights NGOs across Australia, Mexico, and Spain.

Souheir Edelbi is Lecturer in the School of Law at Western Sydney University. Her research is focused on race-making, coloniality, and international justice in the context of the complementarity principle and the International Criminal Court’s interactions with African legal orders. Her research has an emphasis on the intersection of Third World approaches to international law, postcolonial studies, and critical race theory.

David Eichert is a PhD candidate at the London School of Economics. Eichert earned a JD from Cornell Law School and currently lectures about international law at the Paris Institute of Political Studies.

Kathryn Gooding is a public law and human rights solicitor with Irwin Mitchell LLP. She holds particular expertise in judicial review cases concerning the rights of asylum seekers and other migrant communities in the United Kingdom, as well as cases concerning sexual and gender-based violence against women and girls. Recently she has represented many Afghan asylum seekers with their judicial review challenges to policies and decisions of the UK government. Gooding has also interned with the Special Tribunal for Lebanon and worked as Research Associate for the Public International Law and Policy Group.

Priya Gopalan is a Malaysian international criminal lawyer and is currently Chair-Rapporteur of the UN Working Group on Arbitrary Detention. Her speciality is in gender and intersectionality. She has served as a prosecutor and appeals counsel at the ICTY, Legal Advisor for sexual and gender-based crimes at the International, Impartial and Independent Mechanism for Syria, Gender Advisor for the UN investigation on Sri Lanka, and Senior Advisor to the Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission of the Gambia.

Laura Graham is Senior Lecturer at Northumbria Law School, Northumbria University. With a focus on gender and law, particularly sex work and human rights, reproductive autonomy, sexual offences, and feminist legal theory, she has examined whether the Human Rights Act 1998 could reform the law relating to sex work in England and Wales, and is currently using human rights as a strategic tool to fight for sex workers’ rights and decriminalisation of sex work. In addition, Graham is Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal of Gender, Sexuality and Law.

Rosemary Grey is Senior Lecturer at the University of Sydney Law School. Her research focuses on gender and international criminal law, particularly in the International Criminal Court (ICC) and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC). Her previous book, Prosecuting Sexual and Gender-Based Crimes in the International Criminal Court, was published by Cambridge University Press in 2019. She has delivered professional training and presentations on gender issues for the ICC Assembly of States Parties, the ICC Office of the Prosecutor, and judges of the ICC, International Court of Justice, and ECCC.

Azimul Haas is a Rohingya photographer and poet from Myanmar. Since 2017, he has lived as a refugee in Bangladesh. For the past six years, he has photographed the daily lives of Rohingya people in the Cox’s Bazar refugee camps, telling the world what he sees with his eyes. In 2022, he co-authored a photobook, A Chance to Breathe. Writing poetry is also his passion. It allows him to enter a world without injustice and discrimination. He has a strong ambition to receive a scholarship to help him become a professional journalist for his community one day.

Natalie Hodgson is Assistant Professor in the School of Law at the University of Nottingham. She is Head of the Forced Migration Unit in the Human Rights Law Centre and a member of the Criminal Justice Research Centre and the Nottingham International Law and Security Centre. Hodgson’s research interests include criminology, criminal law, international criminal law, and refugee law.

Emma Irving is a consultant specialising in the intersection of international criminal justice, human rights, and technology. She also utilises her extensive experience in academia as a coach and mentor for PhD candidates and master’s students.

Annika Jones is Associate Professor in Law at the University of Exeter. Her area of focus is in international criminal law and in particular international criminal procedure, judicial reasoning, and the relationship between international criminal courts and tribunals and other related institutions. Jones has worked in both the Trial and Appeals Chambers of the International Criminal Court, and on the development of the Implementing Legislation Database, one of the International Criminal Court’s digital legal tools.

Olga Jurasz is Professor of Law at the Open University (United Kingdom). Her research focuses on legal responses to violence against women in national and international law, including prosecution of conflict-related gender-based crimes in international criminal law.

Dil Kayas is from Rakhine State, Myanmar. In 2017, she fled to Bangladesh from violent attacks by the Myanmar military, beginning her refugee life when she was twenty-four. She has dreamed of being a photographer since childhood. Three years ago, she received photography training, and her dream came true. Since 2018, she has been taking photographs with her mobile phone. In 2022, she co-authored A Chance to Breathe, a photobook published by FotoEvidence with support from Fortify Rights and Doha Debates. As a mother of three, her ambition is to educate her children so that they can have a better future.

Kirsten Keith is a lawyer with experience in international criminal law and human rights, having worked for the prosecution at various international, hybrid, and domestic courts. She acts as a consultant to human rights organisations and is a sessional academic at Southern Cross University, with a focus on international criminal justice and sexual and gender-based violence.

Omal Khair is from Rakhine State, Myanmar. Growing up, she dreamed of becoming a doctor to help women and children in her community. As she got older, she realised there was a greater need for journalists in her community, to shine a spotlight on the injustices Rohingya people face at the hands of the Burmese government. She fled to Bangladesh during the 2017 mass killings, where she now lives with her family. Despite their daily challenges, she continued to pursue her passion for photography, documenting the lives of her people and sharing their stories with the world.

Tonny Raymond Kirabira is a legal practitioner and academic in the field of international law and international relations, currently working as Lecturer at the University of Portsmouth. He holds a PhD in Law from the University of Portsmouth, an LLM in International Human Rights Law from the University of Notre Dame, and a Bachelor of Laws degree from Uganda Christian University. He was Visiting Fellow at the University of Copenhagen and has taught law courses at the University of Greenwich, University of Portsmouth, and Royal Holloway, University of London.

Sari Kouvo is Associate Professor of International Law in the University of Gothenburg’s Department of Law, in addition to being an international consultant. Her work focuses on topics including Afghanistan, conflict, international law, human rights, transitional justice, and gender. She has served as Co-Director of the Afghanistan Analysts Network, Head of Program at the International Center for Transitional Justice, advisor to the European Union Special Representative for Afghanistan, researcher at Amnesty International, and researcher and lecturer in the Department of Law at Gothenburg University.

Ramya Jawahar Kudekallu is currently the Telford Taylor Human Rights Visiting Instructor at the Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law. Her research interest focuses on anti-discrimination frameworks within international human rights law, particularly labour, gender-based discrimination and access to justice, rights of minorities, and atrocity prevention through international intervention. She co-founded an international youth-led reproductive human rights organisation which advocates for youth access to sexual and reproductive health services as a human right and her previous work has included litigation at the Alternative Law Forum where her practice prioritised the rights of sex workers and LGBTIQ rights cases.

Marina Kumskova is Adjunct Professor at the John Jay College of Criminal Justice, as well as Senior UN Policy and Advocacy Advisor for the Global Partnership for the Prevention of Armed Conflict. She has worked extensively in the field of human rights including working to advance gender-sensitive conflict analysis and women’s participation in peace work at the 2016 Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom.

Naigaga Winifred Kyobiika is a magistrate with over ten years of experience in the domestic courts of Uganda. She currently heads the Chief Magistrates’ Court of Ibanda in Western Uganda. She has written and published widely on legal issues such as gender, access to justice, and gender and judging. Kyobiika is also a change agent at the grassroots level with her involvement with the civil society organisations that target access to justice and development tools for vulnerable and marginalised women and girls in Ugandan society. She is a member of the board of the Federation for Women Lawyers, Uganda (FIDA-U) and a technical committee member of the International Association of Women Judges, Uganda Chapter (IAWJ-U). Kyobiika has consulted for the International Bar Association and is a certified trainer with the International Development Law Organisation, UN Women, and the International Association of Women Judges (IAWJ). She has trained several justice professionals, including: judicial actors, law enforcement, and other government officials.

Ameera Mahomed Ismail is an Australian lawyer specialising in criminal law. She has previously been a visiting professional at the International Criminal Court and has volunteered with organisations focusing on civil liberties, anti-discrimination, prisoner rights, and mental health.

Isabel Maravall-Buckwalter is Professor of Public International Law at CUNEF University, Madrid, Spain. She holds a PhD from the Universitat de València and the Università degli Studi di Palermo, as well as a master’s in International Human Rights Law from the University of Oxford. Her research has focused on international human rights law, international and cross-border criminal law, and international health law.

Jill Marshall is a qualified lawyer and Professor of Law at Royal Holloway University of London. Her work focuses on gender justice, women’s human rights, privacy, expression, and sexual violence in conflict. It includes analysis of international law, global justice, and human rights in their complexities of real-life situations. Marshall also works with an Afghan charity on diaspora work in London and Afghanistan, including workshops on sewing and human rights for the Being Human Arts Festival in London.

Melissa J. McKay is a Polish and Canadian barrister, born on the territory of the Anishinaab Nation (Treaty #3) and the traditional homelands of the Métis Nation. She has worked as a trial and appellate prosecutor in Canada, and has international criminal experience at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. She has also worked on strategic litigation relating to gender equality, and is interested in restorative justice.

Kcasey McLoughlin is Associate Professor in Law at Newcastle Law School. Her research examines the importance not only of greater diversity in our public institutions but also the need to critically interrogate the gendered assumptions that pervade legal and political institutions. Her first book Law, Women Judges and the Gender Order: Lessons from the High Court of Australia was awarded the Law and Society Association of Australia and New Zealand 2022 Book Prize.

Loyce Mrewa is an advanced PhD candidate at Western University’s Faculty of Law. She has worked as a researcher for legal and multidisciplinary research institutes and is currently working with the Center for Research and Education on Violence against Women and Children. She has published in the areas of children’s rights, gender justice in international criminal law, and transitional justice. Mrewa holds LLB and LLM degrees with a specialisation in international law and a master’s in International Peace Studies.

Cassandra Mudgway is Senior Lecturer at the University of Canterbury Faculty of Law. She holds expertise in international human rights law, international criminal law, and gender, sexuality, and the law. Mudgway was involved in the Aoteroa New Zealand Feminist Judgment Project and is currently researching the use of ‘patriarchy’ in international human rights law with a particular interest in the role of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women in dismantling patriarchal structures globally.

Angela Mudukuti is Legal Advocacy Director of Waging Justice for Women Initiative at the Clooney Foundation for Justice. She is a Zimbabwean human rights lawyer, specialising in international criminal law. Mudukuti has worked for a number of organisations including the International Criminal Court, Open Society Foundations, Human Rights Watch, Wayamo Foundation, the Southern Africa Litigation Centre, and the International Institute for Criminal Justice and Human Rights. With a gender lens, she has focused on strategic litigation, advocacy, and capacity building. Her work experience includes training prosecutors and investigators to enhance domestic capacity to tackle international crimes; working on universal jurisdiction and precedent-setting cases before South African courts, including seeking the arrest of the former president of Sudan during his visit to South Africa. She has written and published on international criminal law issues in books, journals, and newspapers and has been featured in media such as the Financial Times and Al Jazeera. She sits on several editorial committees, including the Oxford Journal for International Criminal Justice and Opinio Juris.

Aparajitha Narayanan holds an LLM with a specialisation in international criminal law and previously worked in the defence team at the United Nations International Residual Mechamism for Criminal Tribunals in the Hague. She is currently a privacy advisor in the Netherlands, having settled there from India.

Melanie O’Brien is Associate Professor of International Law in the UWA Law School at the University of Western Australia. She is also the President of the International Association of Genocide Scholars. O’Brien has been cited by and been an amicus curia before the International Criminal Court. She has consulted for UN bodies and been cited by the global media for her expertise on international criminal law. She has conducted fieldwork and research across six continents while also being a member of the International Humanitarian Committee of the Australian Red Cross.

Claerwen O’Hara is Lecturer at La Trobe Law School, Co-Chair of the Australian and New Zealand Society of International Law Gender, Sexuality and International Law Interest Group and Managing Editor of the Australian Feminist Law Journal. Claerwen’s research is on international human rights law and international economic law, with a particular focus on queer and feminist approaches to international law, alternative internationalisms, and law and political economy.

Phyu Phyu Oo is an independent scholar and practitioner, with over ten years of experience in development and humanitarian sectors, working with the United Nations and international NGOs across Asia and the Pacific. She was awarded a doctoral degree from Griffith University in 2023 and received a Master of Public Health from Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in 2015. Her research interests include the pressing issues of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) in conflict settings and interrogating state efforts in preventing and responding to the issues. She has contributed to multiple research projects focusing on SGBV in conflicts and consulted the United Nations on researching Myanmar following the military coup.

Valerie Oosterveld is Full Professor at Western University’s Faculty of Law, Canada. She has published widely on the interpretation of sexual and gender-based crimes by international criminal tribunals and gender-sensitive investigation and prosecution. She was awarded the 2022 Royal Society of Canada Ursula Franklin Award in Gender Studies and is a member of the Canadian Partnership for International Justice. Oosterveld served on the Canadian delegation to various International Criminal Court-related negotiations, including the Assembly of States Parties, 2010 Review Conference and 1998 Diplomatic Conference.

Emma Palmer is Senior Lecturer at Griffith Law School, where she is a member of the Law Futures Centre and Griffith Asia Institute. Palmer has served as Director for Women’s Legal Service NSW. Her research interests include international criminal law, international humanitarian law, human rights, transitional justice, infrastructure governance, gender issues, and norm adaptation in the Asia-Pacific region.

Navi Pillay is a distinguished expert on international criminal law and human rights. She served as the High Commissioner for Human Rights at the United Nations from 2008 to 2014. Prior to that, she was a judge at the International Criminal Court in The Hague from 2003 to 2008. She was the first and then only woman judge at the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda during 1995–2003, holding the Presidency for four years. Pillay has championed many human rights issues of which she herself had direct experience, having grown up under the Apartheid regime in South Africa. She plays an active role in numerous human rights organisations. Among other roles, she is the co-founder of Equality Now, an international women’s rights organisation, and President of the Advisory Council of the International Nuremberg Principles Academy.

Akila Radhakrishnan is the Strategic Legal Advisor for Gender Justice for the Atlantic Council’s Strategic Litigation Project, and former President of the Global Justice Center. Radhakrishnan is a globally recognised voice on issues of reproductive rights, gender-based violence, and justice and accountability. Her unique expertise as a feminist international lawyer is sought by policymakers, academics, media, and grassroots actors around the world. She has briefed the United Nations Security Council and the United Kingdom and European Parliaments, and regularly advises governments and multilateral institutions on issues of gender equality and human rights.

Catherine Renshaw is Professor in the School of Law at Western Sydney University. Her research focuses on Southeast Asia, particularly Myanmar, and she is a founding member of the Australian Myanmar Constitutional Democracy Project. Renshaw has authored many books, including Human Rights and Participatory Politics in Southeast Asia (2019) and Experts, Networks and International Law (2017, with Holly Cullen and Joanna Harrington).

Sophie Rigney is Senior Research Associate at the Indigenous Law Centres of the University of New South Wales. She is the author of Fairness and Rights in International Criminal Procedure (2022).

Adrienne Ringin is a qualified Australian lawyer, currently working as a Teaching Fellow while undertaking her PhD in law at La Trobe University, Australia. Being part of this project was a return to academic work for Adrienne after completing her Juris Doctor at the University of Melbourne. She has experience in government and the not-for-profit sectors in Australia, Geneva, and Tanzania.

Susana SáCouto directs the War Crimes Research Office of the Washington College of Law, where she is also Professorial Lecturer-in-Residence teaching courses on international criminal law and procedure. She has published widely on international criminal law topics and was awarded the Women’s Law Center 22nd Annual Dorothy Beatty Memorial Award for significant contributions to women’s rights.

Sara M. Saleh is a writer and human rights lawyer based in Sydney/Bidjigal land. Her poems, essays, and short stories have been published widely and she is co-editor of the ground-breaking 2019 anthology Arab, Australian, Other: Stories on Race and Identity. Her first novel is Songs for the Dead and the Living (2023). Her first poetry collection is The Flirtation of Girls/Ghazal el-Banat (2023) Saleh is the first and only poet to win both the 2021 Peter Porter Poetry Prize and the 2020 Judith Wright Poetry Prize. Saleh gained her Juris Doctor at UNSW. Her research interests include human rights and international humanitarian law, police accountability, the prison industrial complex, and the incarceration/detention of marginalised populations.

Patricia Viseur Sellers is an international criminal lawyer and is currently Special Advisor for Slavery Crimes to the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court as well as part of the law faculty of the University of Oxford. She has served as the Legal Advisor for Gender, Acting Head of the Legal Advisory Section, and a prosecutor at the ICTY. She was also Legal Advisor for Gender at the ICTR. Her work includes litigation of the landmark cases of Akayesu, Furundzija, and Kunarac, which transformed the interpretation of sexual violence as war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide, torture, and enslavement.

Anushka Sehmi is a Kenyan lawyer with over ten years of experience working in civil society in Kenya, the International Criminal Court, and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals (IRMCT). Sehmi holds degrees in law from the London School of Economics and the University of Oxford, having also recently completed a MSc in African Studies at the University of Oxford. She previously represented victims before the International Criminal Court in Prosecutor v. Dominic Ongwen and Prosecutor v. Uhuru Muigai Kenyatta. She has also worked at the International Criminal Court as Field Officer for the Victims’ Participation and Reparations Section and as Associate Legal Officer with the ICC Registry.

Grant Shubin is a legal advisor at DIGNITY – the Danish Institute Against Torture – where his work focuses on ending impunity for torture and other ill-treatment, including when taking the form of sexual and gender-based violence and in mass atrocity contexts, by supporting the development of jurisprudence, institutional reform, and building capacity.

Immi Tallgren is Adjunct Professor of International Law at the University of Helsinki and Senior KONE Research Fellow. Her contribution was funded by the Kone Foundation. Tallgren has previously worked at the Finnish MFA, the Legal Affairs Unit of EUROPOL, the European Space Agency in Paris and Brussels, the Max Planck Institute, Luxembourg, and she has been a visiting fellow at various research centres at the London School of Economics. Her research interests are primarily in international criminal law, history of international law, feminist approaches to international law, and law and cinema.

Saumya Uma is Professor and Director for the Centre of Women’s Rights at the Jindal Global Law School of O. P. Jindal Global University, India. She has twenty-nine years’ combined experience as an academic, legal practitioner, researcher, writer, trainer, campaigner, and consultant, specialising in the intersections of gender, human rights, and the law. Uma worked as the National Coordinator of ICC India and has continued to engage with the jurisprudence of the ICC.

Suzanne Varrall is a Laureate Research Fellow at Melbourne Law School, University of Melbourne. She works, researches, and teaches in the areas of international humanitarian law, international criminal law, arms control, and human rights. Varrall has worked across the government, not-for-profit, and legal sectors. She was formerly the Associate Director of the Asia Pacific Centre for Military Law at the Australian Department of Defence, and has held various roles in the National Security and International Policy Division of the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, including as Senior Adviser on non-proliferation and disarmament, and Adviser on Australia’s civil–military engagement in Afghanistan.

Sarah Williams is Professor at the University of New South Wales, Faculty of Law & Justice, as well as Associate at the Australian Human Rights Institute and Centre for Crime, Law and Justice. She was the Dorset Fellow in Public International Law at the British Institute of International and Comparative Law, a senior legal researcher at the UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office, and Lecturer at Durham Law School, University of Durham. Her main research areas include international law, in particular international criminal law, international humanitarian law, international disaster law, and the law on the use of force.

Marie Wilmet holds a PhD from the European University Institute and is a research fellow at the Centre Thucydide (Université Paris-Panthéon-Assas). Adopting a socio-legal approach, Wilmet’s research investigates the contributions of victims’ procedural rights to gender justice in international criminal law through a case study of the Extraordinary Chambers in the Court of Cambodia.

Sarah Zarmsky is a PhD candidate and Assistant Lecturer in the Human Rights Centre at the University of Essex Law School. Her research focuses on intersections of international criminal law, human rights, and new and emerging technologies. In 2023, Zarmsky was Visiting Scholar in the Human Rights Center at UC Berkeley School of Law. She holds an LLM in Public International Law from Leiden University, and her experience includes working with multiple international courts and as an open-source investigator.