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3 results

  • Introduction - Climate Crossroads – Gulf Decarbonization and the Legacy of Oil

  • Justin Dargin, University of Oxford
  • Book:
    The Gulf's Climate Reckoning
    Published online:
    13 October 2025
    Print publication:
    30 October 2025, pp 1-12

  • Summary

    This foundational chapter initiates a critical examination of the Gulf region’s multifaceted decarbonization strategies. Having traditionally thrived on hydrocarbon wealth, the region now confronts an interconnected nexus of challenges: climate action, economic diversification, and geopolitical realignments. This introduction contends that decarbonization in the Gulf extends beyond environmental imperatives; rather it represents a calculated maneuver to transcend the enduring constraints of the “dual economy” model, a legacy of colonialism. By adopting sustainable practices, Gulf states seek to reshape the established economic order and secure their positions as modern developmental states.

    Finally, the chapter outlines a structural roadmap for the book. This roadmap offers both a chronological and thematic guide, aiding the reader in navigating the complexities of the Gulf’s multifaceted journey toward a decarbonized, diversified, and sustainable future.

  • Meeting climate goals through mitigation and intervention: developments in emissions reduction, greenhouse gas removal, and solar radiation modification

  • Part of
  • Dante McGrath, Hugh Hunt, John R. Taylor, Shaun Fitzgerald
  • Journal:
    Global Sustainability / Volume 8 / 2025
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    12 May 2025, e20
    • Article
      • You have access
      • Open access
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  • Non-technical summary

    This paper reviews efforts to meet the climate goals of the Paris Agreement: to limit global warming to well below 2°C and ideally to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. The paper shows how the likelihood of breaching these thresholds presents the need for additional measures, in mitigation and intervention. Three climate actions are discussed: emissions reduction, greenhouse gas removal, and solar radiation modification. These actions differ in timescale and current state of knowledge. Progress must intensify if they are to aid in securing a safe and stable climate for future generations.

    Technical summary

    Current assessments of global greenhouse gas emissions suggest the Paris Agreement temperature thresholds of 1.5°C and 2°C warming above pre-industrial levels could be breached. The impacts on humans and ecosystems could be severe. Global trends suggest a prolonged reliance on fossil fuels. Additional measures to limit global warming are therefore needed. Here, we review three climate actions: emissions reduction, greenhouse gas removal (GGR), and solar radiation modification (SRM). Emissions reduction requires shifting energy production away from fossil fuels (the primary contribution of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions), reducing energy use in key sectors, and optimising land management. GGR efforts must scale sustainably in the near term. The scale-up of novel methods is constrained by economic and technological challenges and, in some cases, limited knowledge. SRM has received growing attention, given the immediate impacts of global warming and the protracted timescales of emissions reduction and GGR. Robust research and governance frameworks are needed to assess the risks posed by SRM, alongside the risks of forgoing SRM. These three actions could enable society to fulfil the Paris Agreement, limiting global warming and its impacts while atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations are reduced to sustainable levels.

    Social media summary

    The progress of climate mitigation and intervention towards securing a sustainable future in a safe and stable climate.

  • Chapter 5 - The Impact of Blunt Force Regulation

  • Denise Sienli van der Kamp, University of Oxford
  • Book:
    Clean Air at What Cost?
    Published online:
    28 January 2023
    Print publication:
    19 January 2023, pp 86-105

  • Summary

    The chapter tests a further observable implication of the theory that blunt force regulation does reduce pollution. Regressing pollution levels on blunt force measures, this chapter shows that this type of regulation is effective at overcoming enforcement failures; indeed, it is associated with much greater reductions in pollution than conventional regulation. These findings challenge a common conception that blunt force regulation is mere political theater, in which the government uses highly publicized spectacles to convince the public it is doing something about pollution. Drawing on interviews with national and local regulators, this chapter further illustrates that far from mere performance, blunt force measures are the result of high-level government planning, enlist the efforts of several government agencies, and constitute part of a concerted, multiyear strategy to reduce pollution levels across the country.