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1 results

  • 9 - Delving Deeper: Checking the Underlying Assumptions of the Analysis

  • Mitchell H. Katz, NYC Health and Hospitals
  • Book:
    Multivariable Analysis
    Published online:
    09 October 2025
    Print publication:
    23 October 2025, pp 169-186

  • Summary

    Assessing the underlying assumptions of multiple models enables us to improve their fit. But it is a complicated process that is more art than science. The basic measure to assess the fit of models is residuals. Residuals are the difference between the observed and the estimated value. They can be thought of as the error in estimation. There are a number of possible transformations of the residuals for different multivariable procedures. For proportional hazards analysis it is important to test the proportionality assumption. This can be done using a log-minus-log survival plot, Schoenfeld’s residuals, division of time into discrete intervals, or time-dependent covariates.