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Complications of Middle Meningeal Artery Embolization for Chronic Subdural Hematoma: A Systematic Literature Review

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 July 2025

Gunjan Jindal ,
Yekta Sharafaddin-Zadeh ,
Omar Bukhari ,
Mayank Goyal  and
Johanna M. Ospel Open the ORCID record for Johanna M. Ospel [Opens in a new window]
Gunjan Jindal
Affiliation:
Departments of Radiology and Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada
Yekta Sharafaddin-Zadeh
Affiliation:
Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
Omar Bukhari
Affiliation:
Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Foothills Medical Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
Mayank Goyal
Affiliation:
Departments of Radiology and Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Foothills Medical Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
Johanna M. Ospel*
Affiliation:
Departments of Radiology and Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Foothills Medical Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
*
Corresponding author: Johanna M. Ospel; Email: johannaospel@gmail.com
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Abstract

Background:

Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is a common condition, especially in the older population, and causes considerable morbidity. Recently, middle meningeal artery embolization (MMAE) has shown promise as a minimally invasive intervention for cSDH by disrupting the flow to the hematoma neomembranes and thus reducing recurrence.

Methods:

We performed a systematic review of the literature using PubMed/Medline and Google Scholar to identify studies reporting on MMAE for cSDH over the past 30 years. After screening 4103 articles and reviewing 600 full-text studies, 176 studies were selected, including case reports, case series, retrospective and prospective studies and randomized controlled trials. Patient demographics, embolic agents used, frequency, type and severity of complications, hematoma recurrence and need for repeat surgery were extracted from the included studies.

Results:

Our analysis included 9780 patients (75.9% male), with mean/median ages ranging from 62.1 to 82.5 years. MMAE-related complications were reported in approximately 3%. Procedure-related neurological complications were the most frequent, followed by systemic complications, access site, non-procedure-related neurological complications, procedure-linked vascular complications specific to MMA and miscellaneous complications. Hematoma recurrence was reported in 6%, and repeat or rescue surgery was necessary in 6.1%. These results are consistent with major clinical trials evaluating MMAE safety and efficacy in cSDH.

Conclusion:

Based on current published literature, MMAE appears to be an effective and overall safe treatment option for cSDH. Complications, although infrequent, can occur, and some of these are disabling. Meticulous pre-procedural planning and imaging are essential to reduce the risk of complications.

Résumé

RÉSUMÉ

Complications de l’embolisation de l’artère méningée moyenne dans l’hématome sous-dural chronique : revue systématique de la documentation médicale.

Contexte :

Les hématomes sous-duraux chroniques (HSDC) sont des formations sanguines fréquentes, surtout chez les personnes âgées, et ils causent une morbidité importante. L’embolisation de l’artère méningée moyenne (EAMM) s’est révélée, au cours des dernières années, une intervention à effraction minimale prometteuse dans les HSDC en perturbant le flux sanguin vers les pseudomembranes et en réduisant ainsi les récidives.

Méthode :

Il s’agit d’une revue systématique de la documentation, réalisée à l’aide de PubMed et Medline ainsi que de Google Scholar, qui visait à relever les études portant sur l’EAMM dans le contexte des HSDC au cours des 30 dernières années. À la suite d’une présélection de 4103 articles et d’un examen de 600 documents en version intégrale, 176 études ont été retenues, qui comprenaient des exposés de cas, des séries de cas, des études rétrospectives et prospectives ainsi que des essais comparatifs à répartition aléatoire. De ceux-ci ont été tirés différents renseignements : données démographiques; médicaments d’embolisation; fréquence et gravité des complications et leur type; récidives d’hématome et nécessité d’une reprise chirurgicale.

Résultats :

L’analyse comptait 9780 patients (hommes : 75,9 %), et les âges moyen et médian variaient de 62,1 ans à 82,5 ans. Des complications liées à l’EAMM ont été signalées dans environ 3 % des cas. Les complications neurologiques étaient les plus fréquentes, suivies des complications générales, à l’exclusion des précédentes; les points d’accès; les complications neurologiques non liées à l’intervention; les complications liées à l’intervention mais propres à la MMA et d’autres types de complications. Des récidives d’hématome ont été relevées dans 6 % des cas, et 6,1 % des patients ont dû subir une reprise chirurgicale ou une chirurgie de rattrapage. Ces résultats vont dans le même sens que ceux de grands essais cliniques visant à évaluer l’innocuité et l’efficacité de l’EAMM dans le contexte des HSDC.

Conclusion :

D’après la documentation publiée à l’heure actuelle, l’EAMM semble une intervention efficace et généralement sûre dans le traitement des HSDC. Bien qu’elles soient peu fréquentes, les complications sont toujours possibles, et certaines d’elles peuvent même être invalidantes. Aussi faut-il faire preuve d’une grande minutie dans la planification de l’intervention et les examens par imagerie afin de réduire les risques de complications.

Keywords

chronic subdural hematomacomplicationsmiddle meningeal artery embolizationneurovascularneurosurgery

Information

Type
Original Article
Information
Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences , First View , pp. 1 - 11
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Canadian Neurological Sciences Federation

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