Hostname: page-component-7dd5485656-wxk4p Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-10-30T09:17:44.920Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Phenomenological differences appearing with repetitive behaviours in obsessive-compulsive disorder and Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 January 2018

Euripedes C. Miguel ,
Lee Baer ,
Barbara J. Coffey ,
Scott L. Rauch ,
Cary R. Savage ,
Richard L. O'Sullivan ,
Katharine Phillips ,
Cara Moretti ,
James F. Leckman  and
Michael A. Jenike
Euripedes C. Miguel*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Säo Paulo Medical School, Säo Paulo, SP, Brazil, and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
Lee Baer
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
Barbara J. Coffey
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA and McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
Scott L. Rauch
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
Cary R. Savage
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
Richard L. O'Sullivan
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
Katharine Phillips
Affiliation:
Butler Hospital and Department of Psychiatry and Human Behaviour, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence (RI)
Cara Moretti
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
James F. Leckman
Affiliation:
Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT
Michael A. Jenike
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
*
Euripedes C. Miguel, Instituto de Psiquiatria do Hospital das Clinicas da Falculdade de Medicina da USP, Rua Ovidio Pires de Campos s/no. São Paulo SR, CEP: 05430-010, Brasil, e-mail: ECMIGUEL@USP.BR; Fax: 011-280-0842
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Background

Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is heterogeneous, with some forms related to Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome (GTS). This is a phenomenological study designed to investigate the nature of these possible OCD subtypes and the relationship between OCD and GTS.

Method

We evaluated 20 adult outpatients with OCD, 21 with GTS, and 20 with OCD plus GTS using a semi-structured interview designed to assess cognitive, sensory and autonomic phenomena preceding repetitive behaviours.

Results

More cognitions and autonomic anxiety and fewer sensory phenomena were reported in OCD than in GTS. Like the GTS group, the OCD plus GTS group reported more sensory phenomena and fewer cognitions than the OCD group.

Conclusions

The presence or absence of cognitions, sensory phenomena, and autonomic anxiety distinguishes repetitive behaviours in patients with OCD from those with OCD plus GTS, and GTS. These subjective experiences may be useful in subtyping OCD and may represent valid predictors of prognosis and treatment response.

Information

Type
Papers
Information
The British Journal of Psychiatry , Volume 170 , Issue 2 , February 1997 , pp. 140 - 145
Copyright
Copyright © 1997 The Royal College of Psychiatrists 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Alexander, G. E., Crutcher, M. D. & DeLong, M. R. (1990) Basal ganglia-thaiamocortical circuits: Parallel substrates for motor, oculomotor, “prefrontal” and “limbic” functions. In Progress in Brain Research (eds Bylings, H. B. M., Van Eden, C. G., De Bruin, J. PC. et al), pp 119–146. Amsterdam: Elsevier Scientific Publishers.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Assosiation (1987) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd edn) (DSM-III-R). Washington, DC: APA.Google Scholar
Baer, L. (1994) Factor analysis of symptom subtypes of obsessive-compulsive disorder and their relation to personality and tic disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 55(suppl). 18–23.Google Scholar
Baxter, L. R., Schwartz, J. M., Guze, B. H., et al (1990) Neuroimaging in obsessive-compulsive disorder: seeking the mediating neuroanatomy In Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: Theory and Managenient (2nd edn) (eds Jenike, M. A., Baer, L. & Minichiello, W. E.). pp 167–188. Chicago, IL: Mosby Year Book Medical Publishers.Google Scholar
Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H. Mendolson, M., et al (1961) An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry 4, 561–571.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H. Mendolson, M., Epstein, N., Brown, G., et al (1988) An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychonnetric properties. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 893–897.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carr, A. (1974) Compulsive neurosis: a review of the literature. Psychological Bulletin, 81 311 318.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cohen, A. J. & Leckman, J. F. (1992) Sensory phenomena associated with Gilles de la Tourettes syndrome, Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 53, 319–323.Google Scholar
George, M. S., Trimble, M. R., Ring, H. A., et al (1993) Obsessions in obsessive compulsive disorder with and without Gilles de la Tourettes syndrome. American Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 93–97.Google Scholar
Goodman, W. K., Price, L. H., Rasmussen, S. A. et al (1989a) The Yale-Brown obsessive compulsive scale: I. development use and reliability. Archives of General Psychiatry, 46, 1006–1011.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goodman, W. K., Price, L. H., Rasmussen, S. A., et al (1989b) The Yale-Brown obsessive compulsive scale: II. validity Archives of General Psychiatry, 46, 1012–1016.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hodgson, R. J. & Rachman, S. (1972) The effects of contamination and washing in obsessional patients. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 101, 111–117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hohen-Saric, R., McLeod, D. R. & Hipsley, P. (1995) Is hyperarousal essential to obsessive-compulsive disorder? Archives of General Psychiatry, 52, 688–693.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holzer, J. C., Goodman, W. K., McDougle, C. J. et al (1994) Obsessive-compulsive disorder with and without a chronic tic disorder. A comparison of symptoms in 70 patients. British Journal of Psychiatry, 164, 469–473.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leckman, J. F., Riddle, M. A., Hardin, M. T., et al (1989) The Yale Global Tic Severity Scale: initial testing of a clinican-rated scale of tic severity Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 28, 566–573.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leckman, J. F., Riddle, M. A., Hardin, M. T., Wallcer, D. E., & Cohen, D. J. (1993) Premonitory urges in Tourettes syndrome. American Journal of Psychiatry 150, 98–102.Google Scholar
Leckman, J. F., Riddle, M. A., Hardin, M. T., Wallcer, D. E., & Cohen, D. J., Wallcer, D. E., Goodman, W. K., et al (1994) “Just-right” perceptions associated with compulsive behaviour in Tourettes syndrome. American Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 675–680.Google Scholar
Leckman, J. F., Riddle, M. A., Hardin, M. T., Wallcer, D. E., & Cohen, D. J., Wallcer, D. E., Goodman, W. K., Grice, D. E., Barr, L. C. et al (1995) Tic-related vs. non-tic-related obsessive-compulsive disorder Anxiety, 1, 208–215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leonard, H. L., Lenane, M. C., Swedo, S. E., et al (1992) Tics and Tourettes disorder: a 2- to 7- year follow-up of 54 obsessive-compulsive children. American Journal of Psychiatry 149, 1244–1251.Google ScholarPubMed
McDougle, C. J., Goodman, W. K., Leckman, J. F., et al (1994) Haloperidol addition in fluvoxamine-refractory obsessive compulsive disorder A double-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients with and without tics. Archives of General Psychiatry, 51, 302–308.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Miguel, E. C., Coffey, B. J., Baer, L., et al (1995) Phenomenology of intentional repetitive behaviours in obsessive-compulsive disorder and Tourettes syndrome. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 56, 246–255.Google Scholar
Modell, J., Mountz, J., Curtis, G. et al (1989) Neurophysiologic dysfunction in basal ganglia/limbic striatal and thalamocortical circuits as a pathogenetic mechanism of obsessive-compulsive disorder Journal of Neuropsychiatry I, 27–36.Google Scholar
Pauls, D. L. & Leckman, J. F. (1986) The inheritance of Gilles de la Tourettes syndrome and associated behaviours: evidence for autosomal dominant transmission. New England Journal of Medicine. 315, 993–997.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pauls, D. L. & Leckman, J. F., Alsobrock, J. P. II, Goodman, W., et al (1995) A family study of obsessive-compulsive disorder American Journal of Psychiatry, 152, 76–84.Google ScholarPubMed
Pitman, R. K., Green, R. C., Jenike, M. A., et al (1987) Clinical companson of Tourettes disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder American Journal of Psychiatry, 144, 1166–1171.Google Scholar
Robertson, M. M., Trimble, M. R. & Lees, A. J. (1988) The psychopathology of the Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. A phenomenological analysis. British Journal of Psychiatry, 152, 383–390.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B. W., Gibbon, M., et al (1988) Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R-patient version (SCID-OP, 6/11/1988). New York. NY Biometrics Research Department.Google Scholar
Tourette Syndrome Classification Study Group (1993) Definitions and classification of tic disorders. Archives of Neurology, 50, 1013–1016.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.