Hostname: page-component-7dd5485656-k8lnt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-10-31T15:45:40.289Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Depression in Chronic Schizophrenia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 January 2018

Alec Roy ,
Ruth Thompson  and
Sidney Kennedy
Alec Roy
Affiliation:
Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, 9000, Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20205, U.S.A.
Ruth Thompson
Affiliation:
Clarke Institute of Psychiatry, 250, College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto
Sidney Kennedy
Affiliation:
250, College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T IR8, Canada and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Eighteen depressed chronic schizophrenic out-patients were matched with non-depressed schizophrenic out-patients. The depressed schizophrenics had had significantly more psychiatric admissions, past depression, past treatment for depression, significantly more had attempted suicide, lived alone, had low self-esteem, had early parental loss and had had more life events in the six months before the onset of depression. Depressive disorder in schizophrenic out-patients well controlled by neuroleptics may occur in those who are at risk for depression and experience an excess of life events.

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
The British Journal of Psychiatry , Volume 142 , Issue 5 , May 1983 , pp. 465 - 470
Copyright
Copyright © 1983 The Royal College of Psychiatrists 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Birley, J. L. & Brown, G. (1970) Crises and life changes preceding the onset or relapse of acute schizophrenia: clinical aspects. British Journal of Psychiatry, 116, 327–33.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, G. W. & Birley, J. (1968) Crises and life changes and the onset of schizophrenia. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 9, 203–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, G. W., Ni Bhrolchain, M. & Harris, T. (1975) Social class and psychiatric disturbance among women in an urban population. Sociology, 9, 225–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, G. W. & Harris, T. (1978) The Social Origins of Depression. London: Tavistock Publications.Google ScholarPubMed
Crown, S., Lucas, C., Stringer, P. et al (1977) Personality correlates of study difficulties and academic performance in university students. II. Conscience and self-esteem. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 50, 275–81.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd edition. (1980) Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar
Endicott, J., & Switzer, R. (1978) A diagnostic interview: The schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 35, 837–44.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Falloon, I., Watt, D. C. & Shepherd, M. (1978) A comparative controlled trial of pimozide and fluphenazine decanoate in the continuation therapy of schizophrenia. Psychological Medicine, 8, 59–70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goldthorpe, J., & Hope, K. (1974) The Social Grading of Occupation. A New Approach and Scale. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hamilton, M. (1960) A rating scale for depression. Journal Neurology, Neurosurgery Psychiatry, 23, 56–62.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hirsch, S. R., Gaind, R., Rhode, P., Stevens, B. & Wing, J. (1973) Outpatient maintenance of chronic schizophrenic patients with long acting fluphenazine. British Medical Journal, i, 633–7.Google Scholar
Hospital Formulary (1982) Clarke Institute of Psychiatry, Toronto.Google Scholar
Johnson, D. A. W. (1981) Studies of depressive symptoms in schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 139, 89–101.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Knights, A., Okasha, M. S., Salih, M. A. & Hirsch, S. R. (1979) Depressive and extrapyramidal symptoms and clinical effects: A trial of fluphenazine versus flupenthixol in maintenance of schizophrenic outpatients. British Journal of Psychiatry, 135, 515–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knights, A. & Hirsch, S. (1981) “Revealed” depression and drug treatment for schizophrenia. Archives General Psychiatry, 38, 806–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leff, J. P. & Wing, J. (1971) Trial of maintenance therapy in schizophrenia. British Medical Journal, iii, 599–604.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leff, J. P., Hirsch, S., Gaind, R., Rhode, P. & Stevens, B. (1973) Life events and maintenance therapy in schizophrenic relapse. British Journal of Psychiatry, 123, 659–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mandel, M., Severe, J., Schooler, N., Gelenberg, A. & Mieske, M. (1982) Development and prediction of post-psychotic depression in neuroleptic-treated schizophrenics. Archives of General Psychiatry, 39, 197–203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paykel, E., Myers, J., Dienelt, M., Klerman, G., Lindenthal, J. & Pepper, M. (1969) Life events and depression. A controlled study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 21, 753–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roy, A. (1980) Depression in chronic paranoid schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 137, 138–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roy, A. (1981a) Depression in the course of chronic undifferentiated schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 38, 296–300.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roy, A. (1981b) Specificity of risk factors for depression. American Journal of Psychiatry, 138, 959–61.Google ScholarPubMed
Snaith, R., Ahmed, S., Mehta, E. et al. (1971) The assessment of primary depressive illness. Psychological Medicine, 1, 143–49.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.