Hostname: page-component-7dd5485656-wlg5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-10-30T14:55:25.308Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Biological and Hormonal Aspects of Postpartum Depressed Mood

Working Towards Strategies for Prophylaxis and Treatment

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

Brian Harris
Brian Harris*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF4 4XN
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'

Information

Type
Editorials
Information
The British Journal of Psychiatry , Volume 164 , Issue 3 , March 1994 , pp. 288 - 292
Copyright
Copyright © 1994 The Royal College of Psychiatrists 

References

Amino, N., Mori, H., Iwatani, Y., et al (1981) High prevalence of transient postpartum thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism. New England Journal of Medicine, 306, 849–852.Google Scholar
Anderson, P. J. B., Hancock, K. W. & Oakey, R. E. (1985) Protein bound oestradiol and progesterone in human peripheral plasma before labour and delivery. Journal of Endocrinology, 104, 7–15.Google Scholar
Arafat, E. S., Hargrove, J. T., Maxon, W. S., et al (1988) Sedative and hypnotic effects of oral administration of micronized progesterone may be mediated through its metabolites. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 159, 1203–1209.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Backstrom, T., Carstenten, H. & Sodergrad, R. (1976) Concentration of oestradiol, testosterone and progesterone in cerebrospinal fluid compared to plasma unbound and total concentrations. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry, 7, 469–472.Google Scholar
Best, N. R., Rees, M. P., Barlow, D. H., et al (1992) Effect of oestradiol implant on noradrenergic function and mood in menopausal subjects. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 17, 87–93.Google Scholar
Blake Tyrell, J. & Forsham, P. H. (1986) Glucocorticoids and adrenal androgens. In Basic and Clinical Endocrinology (eds F. S. Greenspan & P. H. Forsham), pp. 272–309. Los Angeles: Lange Medical.Google Scholar
Brockington, I. F., Cernik, K. F., Scholfield, E. M., et al (1981) Puerperal psychosis - phenomena and diagnosis. Archives of General Psychiatry, 38, 829–833.Google Scholar
Carroll, B. J., Feinberg, M., Greden, J. F., et al (1981) A specific laboratory test for the diagnosis of melancholia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 38, 15–22.Google Scholar
Cox, J. L., Connor, Y. & Kendell, R. E. (1982) Prospective study of the psychiatric disorders of childbirth. British Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 111–117.Google Scholar
Dalton, K. (1989) Successful prophylactic progesterone for idiopathic postnatal depression. International Journal of Prenatal and Perinatal Studies, 323–327.Google Scholar
Deakin, J. F. W. (1988) Relevance of hormone-CNS interactions to psychological changes in the puerperium. In Motherhood and Mental Illness, Vol. 2 (eds R. Kumar & I. F. Brockington). London: Wright.Google Scholar
Demey-Ponsart, E., Foidart, J. M., Sulon, J., et al (1982) Serum CBG, free and total cortisol and circadian patterns of adrenal function in normal pregnancy. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry, 16, 163–169.Google Scholar
Feksi, A., Harris, B., Walker, R. F., et al (1984) Maternity blues and hormone levels in saliva. Journal of Affective Disorders, 6, 351–355.Google Scholar
Fricchione, G., Ayyala, M. & Holmes, V. F. (1989) Steroid withdrawal psychiatric syndromes. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, 1, 99–108.Google Scholar
Gerstein, H. C. (1990) How common is postpartum thyroiditis? Archives of Internal Medicine, 150, 1397–1400.Google Scholar
Gyermek, L. & Soyka, L. F. (1975) Steroid anaesthetics. Anaesthesiology, 42, 331–343.Google Scholar
Handley, S. L., Dunn, T. L., Waldron, G., et al (1980) Tryptophan, cortisol and puerperal mood. British Journal of Psychiatry, 136, 498–508.Google Scholar
Harris, B., Fung, H., Johns, S., et al (1989) Transient post partum thyroid dysfunction and post natal depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 17, 243–249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, B., Othman, S., Davies, J. A., et al (1992) Association between postpartum thyroid dysfunction and thyroid antibodies and depression. British Medical Journal, 305, 152–156.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harris, B., Lovett, L., Roberts, S., et al (1993) Cardiff Puerperal Mood and Hormone Study, Paper 1: Saliva steroid hormone profiles in late pregnancy and the puerperium: endocrine factors and parturition. Hormone Research, 39, 138–145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, B., Lovett, L., Newcombe, R., et al (1994) Cardiff Puerperal Mood and Hormone Study: maternity blues and major endocrine changes, the progesterone factor. British Medical Journal (in press).Google Scholar
Henderson, A. F., Gregoire, A. J., Kumar, R. C., et al (1991) Treatment of severe postnatal depression with oestradiol skin patches. Lancet, 38, 816–817.Google Scholar
Jansson, R., Bernanders, S., Karlsson, A., et al (1984) Autoimmune thyroid dysfunction in the postpartum period. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 58, 681–687.Google Scholar
Kendell, R. E. (1985) Emotional and physical factors in the genesis of puerperal mental disorders. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 29, 3–11.Google Scholar
Kendell, R. E. Chalmers, J. C. & Platz, C. (1987) Epidemiology of puerperal psychosis. British Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 662–673.Google Scholar
Kirkegaard, C. & Faber, J. (1980) Altered serum levels of thyroxine, tri-iodothyronines and di-iodothyronines in endogenous depression. Acta Endocrinologica, 96, 199–207.Google Scholar
Kuevi, V., Causon, R., Dixson, A. F., et al (1983) Plasma amine and hormone changes in postpartum blues. Clinical Endocrinology, 19, 9–14.Google Scholar
McEwen, B. S. (1991) Non-genomic and genomic effect of steroids on neural activity. Trends in Neurosciences, 12, 141–146.Google Scholar
Metz, A., Stump, K., Cowen, P. J., et al (1983) Changes in platelet α 2-adrenoceptor binding post partum: possible relation to maternity blues. Lancet, i, 495–498.Google Scholar
Nemeroff, C. B. (1989) Clinical significance of psychoneuro-endocrinology in psychiatry: Focus on the thyroid and adrenal. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 50 (suppl. 5), 13–20.Google Scholar
Nolten, W. E., Lindheimer, N. D., Rueckert, P. A., et al (1980) Diurnal patterns and regulation of cortisol secretion in pregnancy. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 51, 466–473.Google Scholar
Nott, P. N., Franklin, M., Armitage, C., et al (1976) Hormonal changes and mood in the puerperium. British Journal of Psychiatry, 128, 379–383.Google Scholar
O'Hara, M. W., Schlechte, J. A., Lewis, D. A., et al (1991) Prospective study of postpartum blues. Archives of General Psychiatry, 48, 801–806.Google Scholar
Owens, P. C., Smith, R. & Brinsmead, M. W., et al (1987) Postnatal disappearance of the pregnancy associated reduced sensitivity of plasma cortisol to feedback inhibition. Life Sciences, 41, 1745–1750.Google Scholar
Pederson, C. A., Stern, R. A., Paye, J., et al (1993) Thyroid and adrenal measures during late pregnancy and the puerperium in women who have been major depressed or who have become dysphoric postpartum. Journal of Affective Disorders, 29, 201–211.Google Scholar
Pitt, B. (1973) Maternity blues. British Journal of Psychiatry, 122, 431–433.Google Scholar
Pop, D. J., DeRooy, H. A. M., Vader, H. L., et al (1991) Postpartum thyroid dysfunction and depression in an unselected population. New England Journal of Medicine, 324, 1815–1816.Google Scholar
Pop, D. J., DeRooy, H. A. M., Vader, H. L., et al (1993) Microsomal antibodies during gestation in relation to postpartum thyroid dysfunction and depression. Acta Endocrinologica, 129, 26–30.Google Scholar
Prange, A. J., Wilson, I. C., Lara, P. P., et al (1972) Effects of thyrotropin releasing hormone in depression. Lancet, ii, 999–1002.Google Scholar
Prentice, L. M., Phillips, D. E. W., Sarsero, D., et al (1990) Geographical distribution of subclinical thyroid disease in Britain: a study using highly sensitive direct assays for autoantibodies to thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase. Acta Endocrinologica, 123, 493–498.Google Scholar
Railton, I. E. (1961) The use of corticosteroids in postpartum depression. Journal of the American Women's Association, 16, 450–452.Google Scholar
Riley, D. M. (1979) A Study of Serum Calcium in Relation to Puerperal Mental Illness. Emotions and Reproduction. London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Rodin, A. (1989) Thyroid disease in pregnancy. British Journal of Hospital Medicine, 41, 234–243.Google ScholarPubMed
Selye, H. (1941) The anaesthetic effect of steroid hormones. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental and Biological Medicine, 46, 116–121.Google Scholar
Singh, B., Gilhotra, M., Smith, R., et al (1986) Postpartum psychoses and the dexamethasone suppression test. Journal of Affective Disorders, 11, 173–177.Google Scholar
Smith, R., Owens, P. C., Brinsmead, M. W., et al (1987) The non suppressibility of plasma cortisol persists after pregnancy. Hormone and Metabolic Research, 19, 41–42.Google Scholar
Stein, G. S. (1980) The pattern of mental change and body weight change in the first post partum week. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 24, 165–171.Google Scholar
Stein, G. S. Marsh, A. & Morton, J. (1981) Mood, weight and urinary electrolytes in the first postpartum week. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 25, 395–401.Google Scholar
Tachi, J., Amino, N., Tamaki, H., et al (1988) Long term follow up and HLA association in patients with post partum hypothyroidism. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 66, 480–484.Google Scholar
Treadway, C. R., Kane, F. J., Jarrenti-Zadeh, A., et al (1969) A psychoneuroendocrine study of pregnancy and the puerperium. American Journal of Psychiatry, 125, 1380–1392.Google Scholar
Victoroff, R. M. (1952) Dynamics and management of parapartum neuropathic reactions. Diseases of the Nervous System, 10, 291–298.Google Scholar
Wiek, A., Kumar, R., Hirst, A. D., et al (1991) Increased sensitivity of dopamine receptors and recurrence of affective psychosis after childbirth. British Medical Journal, 303, 613–616.Google Scholar
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.