Hostname: page-component-65b85459fc-jtdgp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-10-15T15:53:10.743Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Climate Crisis and Social Protection - From Worker Protection to Post-growth Transformation?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 October 2023

Larissa Nenning Open the ORCID record for Larissa Nenning [Opens in a new window] ,
Paul Bridgen ,
Katharina Zimmermann ,
Milena Büchs  and
Merita Mesiäislehto Open the ORCID record for Merita Mesiäislehto [Opens in a new window]
Larissa Nenning
Affiliation:
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom Email: lnenning@exseed.ed.ac.uk
Paul Bridgen
Affiliation:
University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom Email: paul.bridgen@soton.ac.uk
Katharina Zimmermann
Affiliation:
University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany Email: katharina.zimmermann@uni-hamburg.de
Milena Büchs
Affiliation:
University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom Email: M.M.Buchs@leeds.ac.uk
Merita Mesiäislehto
Affiliation:
Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland Email: merita.mesiaislehto@thl.fi
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The article discusses five literature strands’ approaches towards social protection systems in the context of climate crisis: Adaptive Social Protection, Just Transition, Green New Deal, Post-growth, and Eco-feminism. As we argue, these five strands are located on a spectrum between a green growth orientation and a green anti-capitalist orientation. Furthermore, they differ in terms of their problematisation of the climate crisis and have different perspectives on relevant actors, on world regions, and – most relevant in the context of social welfare – their conceptualisation of social protection. While Adaptive Social Protection emphasizes cash transfers and insurances, Green New Deal and Just Transition approaches focus more on redistribution and labour market policies, and Post-growth and Eco-feminist approaches more on universalist policies and systems. We argue that these literatures each have their weaknesses, but also offer urgent questions, concepts, and insights for further social policy research.

Keywords

Climate crisissocial protectionpost-growthsustainable welfarejust transition

Information

Type
Themed Section on Social Policy and the Climate Crisis
Information
Social Policy and Society , Volume 22 , Issue 4: THEMED SECTION: Social Policy and the Climate Crisis , October 2023 , pp. 695 - 714
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Abram, S., Atkins, Ed., Dietzel, A., Jenkins, K., Kiamba, L., Kirshner, J., Kreienkamp, J. and Parkhill, K. (2022) ‘Just Transition: A whole-systems approach to decarbonisation’. Climate Policy, 22, 8, 1033–1049. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2022.2108365 [accessed 20/07/2023].CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Agrawal, A., Kaur, N., Shakya, C. and Norton, A. (2020) ‘Social assistance programs and climate resilience: reducing vulnerability through cash transfers’. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 44, 113–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2020.09.013 [accessed 20/07/2023]Google Scholar
Aleksandrova, M. (2019) ‘Social protection as a tool to address slow onset climate events: emerging issues for research and policy’. Discussion Paper. 16. German Development Institute (DIE). https://doi.org/10.23661/DP16.2019 [accessed 20/07/2023].Google Scholar
Aronoff, K., Battistoni, A., Cohen, D. A., Riofrancos, T. N. and Klein, N. (2019) A planet to win: why we need a green new deal. London; Verso.Google Scholar
Bailey, D. (2015) ‘The Environmental Paradox of the Welfare State: The Dynamics of Sustainability’. New Political Economy, 20, 6, 793–811. https://doi.org/10.1080/13563467.2015.1079169 [accessed 20/07/2023].Google Scholar
Barlow, N., Regen, L., Cadiou, N., Chertkovskaya, E., Hollweg, M., Plank, C., Schulken, M. and Wolf, V. (Eds.), (2022) Degrowth and Strategy. How to bring about social-ecological transformation. Christchurch: Mayfly Books.Google Scholar
Boyle, A. D., Leggat, G., Morikawa, L., Pappas, Y. and Stephens, J. C. (2021) ‘Green New Deal proposals: Comparing emerging transformational climate policies at multiple scales’. Energy Research and Social Science, 81, 102259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2021.102259 [accessed 20/07/2023].CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bridgen, P. (2019) ‘The retrenchment of public pension provision in the liberal world of welfare during the age of austerity—and its unexpected reversal’, 1980–2017. Social Policy and Administration, 53, 1, 16–33. https://doi.org/10.1111/spol.12444 [accessed 20/07/2023].CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bridgen, P. and Schøyen, M. A. (2022) ‘Sustainability’ in Greve, B. (ed) De Gruyter Handbook of Contemporary Welfare State. Munchen: De Gruyter (359–375).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Büchs, M. (2021a) ‘Sustainable welfare: How do universal basic income and universal basic services compare?’, Ecological Economics, 189, 107152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2021.107152 [accessed 20/07/2023].CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Büchs, M. (2021b)‘Sustainable welfare: Independence between growth and welfare has to go both ways’, Global Social Policy, 21, 2, 323–327. https://doi.org/10.1177/14680181211019153 [accessed 20/07/2023].Google Scholar
Büchs, M. (2022) ‘Addressing the growth-dependency of welfare states: the role of moving beyond capitalism’. Under review.Google Scholar
Büchs, M. and Koch, M. (2019) ‘Challenges for the degrowth transition: The debate about wellbeing’, Futures, 105, 155–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2018.09.002 [accessed 20/07/2023].Google Scholar
Büchs, M. and Schnepf, S.V. (2013) ‘Who emits most? Associations between socio-economic factors and UK households’ home energy, transport, indirect and total CO2 emissions’, Ecological Economics, 90, 114–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2013.03.007 [accessed 20/07/2023].CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cantillon, B. (2011) ‘The paradox of the social investment state: growth, employment and poverty in the Lisbon era’, Journal of European Social Policy, 21, 5, 432–449. https://doi.org/10.1177/0958928711418856 [accessed 20/07/2023].CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cha, J. M., Farrell, C. and Stevis, D. (2022) ‘Climate and environmental justice policies in the first year of the Biden administration’, Publius: The Journal of Federalism, 52, 3, 408–427, https://doi.org/10.1093/publius/pjac017.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cha, J. M. and Pastor, M. (2022) ‘Just transition: Framing, organizing, and power-building for decarbonization’, Energy Research and Social Science, 90, 102588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2022.102588 [accessed 20/07/2023].Google Scholar
Cohen, M. and MacGregor, S. (2020) ‘Towards a feminist green new deal for the UK: A paper for the WBG Commission on a Gender-Equal Economy’. Women’s Budget Group.Google Scholar
Coote, A. and Lawson, N. (2021) ‘Post-Covid Britain needs a new social guarantee’. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/mar/11/post-covid-britain-new-social-guarantee-universal-basic-income-pandemic [accessed 01.12.22].Google Scholar
Coote, A. and Percy, A. (2020) The Case for Universal Basic Services. Cambridge, Polity.Google Scholar
Corlet Walker, C., Druckman, A. and Jackson, T. (2021) ‘Welfare systems without economic growth: A review of the challenges and next steps for the field’. Ecological Economics, 186, 107066. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2021.107066 [accessed 20/07/2023].Google Scholar
Costella, C., Jaime, C., Arrighi, J., de Perez, E. C., Suarez, P. and van Aalst, M. (2017) ‘Scalable and sustainable: How to build anticipatory capacity into social protection systems’. IDS Bulletin, 48. https://doi.org/10.19088/1968-2017.151 [accessed 20/07/2023].CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Daalen, K., Jung, L., Dhatt, R. and Phelan, A. L. (2020) ‘Climate change and gender-based health disparities’, The Lancet Planetary Health, 4, 44–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(20)30001-2 [accessed 20/07/2023].CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Daniel, T. and Dolan, M. (2020) ‘Intersectionality and collective action: visioning a Feminist Green New Deal in the US’, Gender and Development, 28, 3, 515–533. https://doi.org/10.1080/13552074.2020.1843829 [accessed 20/07/2023].Google Scholar
Davies, M., Guenther, B., Leavy, J., Mitchell, T. and Tanner, T. (2009) ‘Adaptive Social Protection’: Synergies for Poverty Reduction. IDS Bulletin, 39, 105–112. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-5436.2008.tb00483.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davies, M., Béné, C., Arnall, A., Tanner, T., Newsham, A. and Coirolo, C. (2013) ‘Promoting Resilient Livelihoods through Adaptive Social Protection: Lessons from 124 programmes in South Asia’, Development Policy Review, 31, 1, 27–58.Google Scholar
Djoudi, H., Locatelli, B., Vaast, C., Asher, K., Brockhaus, M. and Sijapati Basnett, B. (2016) ‘Beyond dichotomies: Gender and intersecting inequalities in climate change studies’. Ambio, 45, 3, 248–262. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-016-0825-2.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dukelow, F. (2021) ‘Recommodification and the Welfare State in Re/Financialised Austerity Capitalism: Further Eroding Social Citizenship?’, Social Policy and Society, 20, 1, 125–141. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1474746420000494.Google Scholar
EC (2023) The Just Transition Mechanism. URL: https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/priorities-2019-2024/european-green-deal/finance-and-green-deal/just-transition-mechanism_en [accessed 8.30.23].Google Scholar
Eriksen, S., Nightingale, A. J. and Eakin, H. (2015) ‘Reframing adaptation: The political nature of climate change adaptation’, Global Environmental Change, 35, 523–533. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.09.014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eriksen, S., Schipper, E. L., Scoville-Simonds, M., Vincent, K., Adam, H. N., Brooks, N., Harding, B., Khatri, D., Lenaerts, L., Liverman, D., Mills-Novoa, M., Mosberg, M., Movik, S., Muok, B., Nightingale, A., Ojha, H., Sygna, L., Taylor, M., Vogel, C. and West, J. J. (2021) Adaptation interventions and their effect on vulnerability in developing countries: Help, hindrance or irrelevance? World Development, 141, 105383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105383.Google Scholar
Fairclough, N. (2013) Critical discourse analysis and critical policy studies. Critical Policy Studies 7, 177–197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forster, P., Rosen, D., Lamboll, R. and Rogelj, J. (2022) ‘What the tiny remaining 1.5C carbon budget means for climate policy’ Carbon Brief. https://www.carbonbrief.org/guest-post-what-the-tiny-remaining-1-5c-carbon-budget-means-for-climate-policy/ [accessed 12.1.22].Google Scholar
Fouksman, E., and Klein, E. (2019) Radical transformation or technological intervention? Two paths for universal basic income. World Development, 122, 492–500.Google Scholar
Friedman, T. (2007) ‘The Power of Green’. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/15/opinion/15iht-web-0415edgreen-full.5291830.html [accessed 01.12.22].Google Scholar
Fuller, S. and McCauley, D. (2016) ‘Framing energy justice: perspectives from activism and advocacy’. Energy Research and Social Science, 11, 1–8.Google Scholar
Gaard, G. (2015) ‘Ecofeminism and climate change’. Women’s Studies International Forum, 49, 20–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gabor, D. (2021) The Wall Street Consensus, Development and Change, 52, 429–459.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Galgóczi, B. (2020) ‘Just transition on the ground: Challenges and opportunities for social dialogue’. European Journal of Industrial Relations, 26, 4, 367–382. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959680120951704.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Galvin, R. and Healy, N. (2020) ‘The green new Deal in the United States: what it is and how to pay for it’, Energy Research and Social Science, 67, 101529.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
García-García, P., Carpintero, Ó. and Buendía, L. (2020) ‘Just energy transitions to low carbon economies: A review of the concept and its effects on labour and income’, Energy Research and Social Science, 70, 101664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101664.Google Scholar
Gay-Antaki, M. (2020) ‘Feminist geographies of climate change: Negotiating gender at climate talks’, Geoforum, 115, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2020.06.012.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gebrial, D. and Kaur Paul, H. (Eds.) (2021) Perspectives on a global green new deal. London: Rosa Luxemburg Stiftung London Office.Google Scholar
Gengnagel, V. and Zimmermann, K. (2022) ‘The European Green Deal as a moonshot - Caring for a Climate-Neutral Yet Prospering Continent? In: Special Issue Ruptures, Transformations, Continuities. Rethinking. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1474746421000701.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gough, I. (2015) ‘Climate change and sustainable welfare: the centrality of human needs’, Cambridge Journal of Economics, 39, 5, 1191–1214. https://doi.org/10.1093/cje/bev039.Google Scholar
Gough, I. (2017) Heat, Greed and Human Need: Climate Change, Capitalism and Sustainable Wellbeing. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited.Google Scholar
Gough, I. (2022) ‘Two Scenarios for Sustainable Welfare: A Framework for an Eco-Social Contract’, Social Policy and Society, 21, 3, 460–472.Google Scholar
Haberl, H., Wiedenhofer, D., Virág, D., Kalt, G., Plank, B., Brockway, P., Fishman, T., Hausknost, D., Krausmann, F., Leon-Gruchalski, B., Mayer, A., Pichler, M., Schaffartzik, A., Sousa, T., Streeck, J. and Creutzig, F. (2020) A’ systematic review of the evidence on decoupling of GDP, resource use and GHG emissions, part II: synthesizing the insights’, Environmental Research Letters, 15, 6, 065003. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab842a.Google Scholar
Heffron, R. J. and McCauley, D. (2018) ‘What is the ‘Just Transition’?’, Geoforum, 88, 74–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2017.11.016.Google Scholar
Heintz, J., Staab, S. and Turquet, L. (2021) ‘Don’t Let Another Crisis Go to Waste: The COVID-19 Pandemic and the Imperative for a Paradigm shift’, Feminist Economics, 27, 1-2, 470–485. https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2020.1867762.Google Scholar
Hirvilammi, T. (2020) ‘The Virtuous Circle of Sustainable Welfare as a Transformative Policy Idea’. Sustainability, 12, 1, 391. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12010391.Google Scholar
Huyer, S., Acosta, M., Gumucio, T. and Jim Ilham, J. I. (2020) ‘Can we turn the tide? Confronting gender inequality in climate policy’. Gender and Development, 28, 3, 571–591. https://doi.org/10.1080/13552074.2020.1836817 Google Scholar
IPCC, (2022) Climate Change 2022. Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Working Group II Contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.Google Scholar
Jackson, T. and Victor, P. (2011) ‘Productivity and work in the ‘green economy’: Some theoretical reflections and empirical tests’. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 1, 101–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2011.04.005 Google Scholar
Jessop, B. (2012) ‘Economic and Ecological Crises: Green new deals and no-growth economies’. Development, 55, 1, 17–24. https://doi.org/10.1057/dev.2011.104.Google Scholar
Johnson, C.A. and Krishnamurthy, K. (2010) ‘Dealing with displacement: Can “social protection” facilitate long-term adaptation to climate change?’. Global Environmental Change, 20, 4, 648–655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2010.06.002.Google Scholar
Jorgenson, A. K., Schor, J. B., Knight, K. W. and Huang, X. (2016) Domestic inequality and carbon emissions in comparative perspective. Sociological Forum 31, 770–786.Google Scholar
Just Transition Centre. (2017) ‘Just Transition: A Report for the OECDÄ. https://www.ituc-csi.org/just-transition-centre [accessed 27/11/2022].Google Scholar
Kallis, G. (2019) Socialism Without Growth. Capitalism, Nature, Socialism, 30, 2, 189–206.Google Scholar
Kallis, G., Paulson, S., D’Alisa, G. and Demaria, F. (2020) The Case for Degrowth. Cambridge, UK: Polity.Google Scholar
Klein, N. (2019) On Fire: The Burning Case for a Green New Deal. Allen Lane: UK.Google Scholar
Koch, M. (2022) ‘Social Policy Without Growth: Moving Towards Sustainable Welfare States’. Social Policy and Society, 21, 3, 447–459. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1474746421000361.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuriakose, A. T., Heltberg, R., Wiseman, W., Costella, C., Cipryk, R. and Cornelius, S. (2013) ‘Climate-Responsive Social Protection’. Development Policy Review, 31, o19–o34. https://doi.org/10.1111/dpr.12037.Google Scholar
Laruffa, F., McGann, M. and Murphy, M. P. (2021) ‘Enabling Participation Income for an Eco-Social State’. Social Policy and Society, 21, 3,1–12. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1474746421000750.Google Scholar
Levitas, R. (2013) Utopia as Method: The Imaginary Reconstitution of Society. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mandelli, M. (2022) ‘Understanding eco-social policies: a proposed definition and typology’. Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research, 28, 3, 333–348. https://doi.org/10.1177/10242589221125083 Google Scholar
Mastini, R., Kallis, G. and Hickel, J. (2021) ‘A Green New Deal without growth?’, Ecological Economics, 179, 106832. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2020.106832.Google Scholar
Mellor, M. (2019) ‘An Eco-Feminist Proposal’. New Left Review, 116, 189–200.Google Scholar
Mies, M. and Shiva, V. (2014) Ecofeminism. London: Zed Books.Google Scholar
Moesker, K. and Pesch, U. (2022) ‘The just transition fund – Did the European Union learn from Europe’s past transition experiences?’, Energy Research and Social Science, 91, 102750. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2022.102750 Google Scholar
Murphy, M. (2015) Reproduction. In: Mojab, S. (Ed.), Marxism and Feminism. London: Zed Books, pp. 287–304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
NEF (2008) A Green New Deal: Joined-up policies to solve the triple crunch of the credit crisis, climate change, and high oil prices. New Economics Foundation, London.Google Scholar
Newell, P. and Mulvaney, D. (2013) ‘The political economy of the ‘just transition.”, The Geographical Journal, 179, 2, 132–140. https://doi.org/10.1111/geoj.12008 Google Scholar
Nightingale, A.J. (2017) ‘Power and politics in climate change adaptation efforts: Struggles over authority and recognition in the context of political instability’. Geoforum, 84, 11–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2017.05.011.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Norton, A., Seddon, N., Agrawal, A., Shakya, C., Kaur, N. and Porras, I. (2020) ‘Harnessing employment-based social assistance programmes to scale up nature-based climate action’. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 375, 1794, 20190127.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
O’Brien, C., Scott, Z., Smith, G., Barca, V., Kardan, A., Holmes, R., Watson, C. and Congrave, J. (2018) Shock-Responsive Social Protection Systems Research: Synthesis Report. Oxford: Oxford Policy Management.Google Scholar
OECD, (2011) ‘Towards Green Growth’. Paris: OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264111318-en.Google Scholar
OECD, (2013) ‘Greener Skills and Jobs for a Low Carbon Future’. Paris: OECD Publishing. https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/environment-and-sustainable-development/greener-skills-and-jobs-for-a-low-carbon-future_5k3v1dtzlxzq-en [accessed 27/07/23].Google Scholar
Oksala, J. (2018) ‘Feminism, Capitalism, and Ecology’. Hypatia, 33, 2, 216–234. https://doi.org/10.1111/hypa.12395.Google Scholar
Parrique, T., Barth, J., Briens, F., Kerschner, C., Kraus-Polk, A., Kuokkanen, A. and Spangenberg, J. H. (2019) ‘Decoupling debunked: Evidence and arguments against green growth as a sole strategy for sustainability’. European Environmental Bureau.Google Scholar
Pearse, R. (2017) ‘Gender and climate change’. WIREs Climate Change 8, e451. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.451.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pettifor, A. (2019) The Case for the Green New Deal. London: Verso Books.Google Scholar
Pollin, R., Garrett-Peltier, H. and Wicks-Lim, J. (2017) ‘A GREEN NEW DEAL FOR WASHINGTON STATE’. Amherst: Political Economy Research Institute Research Report, University of Massachusetts.Google Scholar
Pollin, R. (2019) ‘Advancing a Viable Global Climate Stabilization Project: Degrowth versus the Green New Deal’. Review of Radical Political Economics, 51, 2, 311–319. https://doi.org/10.1177/0486613419833518.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Preston, I., White, V., Browne, J., Dresner, S., Ekins, P. and Hamilton, I. (2013) ‘Designing Carbon Taxation to Protect Low-Income Households’, York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation. http://www.jrf.org.uk/sites/files/jrf/carbon-taxation-income-full.pdf, [accessed 27/07/2023].Google Scholar
Pucheta, M. and Belén Sànchez, A. (2022) Just Transition in the Global South: Perspectives from Latin America. ETUI Policy Brief.Google Scholar
Raworth, K. (2017) Doughnut Economics: Seven Ways to Think Like a 21st-Century Economist. London: RH Business Books.Google Scholar
Ross, L. J. (2017) Reproductive justice as intersectional feminist activism. Souls 19, 286–314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Routledge, P., Cumbers, A. and Derickson, K. D. (2018) ‘States of just transition: Realising climate justice through and against the state’. Geoforum, 88, 78–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2017.11.015.Google Scholar
Rueda, D. (2005) Insider-outsider politics in industrialized democracies: The challenge to social democratic parties. The American Political Science Review 99, 61–74.Google Scholar
Saave, A. and Muraca, B. (2021) ‘Rethinking Labour/Work in a Degrowth Society’, in: Räthzel, N., Stevis, D., Uzzell, D. (Eds.), The Palgrave Handbook of Environmental Labour Studies. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. 743–767.Google Scholar
Sabato, S., Jessoula, M. and Mandelli, M. (2022) ‘Towards an EU eco-social agenda? From Europe 2020 to the European Green Deal’, in Schoyen, M., Hvinden, B., Dotterund Leiren, M. (eds.) Towards Sustainable Welfare States in Europe. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing. 199–219 Google Scholar
Salleh, A. (2020) ‘Ecofeminism as (Marxist) Sociology?’, in: Fakier, K., Mulinari, D., Räthzel, N. (Eds.), Marxist-Feminist Theories and Struggles Today: Essential Writings on Intersectionality, Labour and Ecofeminism. London: Zed Books Ltd, 40–50.Google Scholar
Sanders, B. (2019) The Green New Deal. https://berniesanders.com/en/issues/green-newdeal/ [accessed 01/12/22].Google Scholar
Schepelmann, P., Stock, M., Koska, T., Schüle, R. and Reutter, O. (2009) A green new deal for Europe: towards green modernisation in the face of a crisis. a report for the Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy. Green European Foundation.Google Scholar
Schlosser, K. (2021) ‘Contrasting visions of the green new deal’. Environmental Politics, 30, 3, 477–481. https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2020.1847514.Google Scholar
Schneider, F., Kallis, G. and Martinez-Alier, J. (2010) ‘Crisis or opportunity? Economic degrowth for social equity and ecological sustainability. Introduction to this special issue’. Journal of Cleaner Production, Growth, Recession or Degrowth for Sustainability and Equity?, 18, 6, 511–518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2010.01.014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schor, J. B. and Jorgenson, A. K. (2019) ‘Is it Too Late for Growth?’, Review of Radical Political Economics, 51, 2, 320–329. https://doi.org/10.1177/0486613419831109.Google Scholar
Schwan, S. and Yu, X. (2018) ‘Social protection as a strategy to address climate-induced migration’. International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management, 10, 43–64. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCCSM-01-2017-0019.Google Scholar
Schwartzman, D. (2011) ‘Green New Deal: An Ecosocialist Perspective’. Capitalism Nature Socialism, 22, 3, 49–56. https://doi.org/10.1080/10455752.2011.593886.Google Scholar
Sharman, A. (2021) ‘Taking a Just Transition Approach to Practical Decision Making’. Policy Quarterly, 17, 3. https://doi.org/10.26686/pq.v17i3.7131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silverman, V. (2004) ‘Sustainable Alliances: The origins of international labor environmentalism.’ International Labor and Working-Class History. 66, 118–135. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0147547904000201.Google Scholar
Stern, N. H. (2007) The economics of climate change: the Stern review. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Stevis, D. and Felli, R. (2015) ‘Global labour unions and just transition to a green economy.’ International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, 15, 1, 29–43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10784-014-9266-1.Google Scholar
Taylor-Gooby, P. (2011) ‘Squaring the Public Policy Circle: Managing a Mismatch between Demands and Resources’. New Paradigms in Public Policy. London: British Academy. https://www.thebritishacademy.ac.uk/documents/253/Squaring-public-policy-circle-managing-mismatch-between-demands-resources.pdf [accessed 27/07/23].Google Scholar
Tenzing, J. and Conway, D. (2022) ‘Climate discourses as barriers to rights-based adaptive social protection: How historical politics shape Ethiopia’s climate-smart safety net’. Global Environmental Change, 76, 102583. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2022.102583.Google Scholar
Tenzing, J.D. (2020) ‘Integrating social protection and climate change adaptation: A review’. WIREs Climate Change, 11, 2, https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.626.Google Scholar
Tilley, L. and Ajl, M. (2023) Eco-socialism will be anti-eugenic or it will be nothing: Towards equal exchange and the end of population. Politics, 43, 2, pp. 201–218. https://edepot.wur.nl/566528 [accessed 27/07/23].Google Scholar
Tollefson, J. (2020) ‘Can Joe Biden make good on his revolutionary climate agenda?’ Nature, 25th November. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-03250-z [accessed 29/11/2022].Google Scholar
Trampusch, C. (2004) ‘Das Scheitern der Politikwissenschaft am Bündnis für Arbeit. Eine Kritik an der Problemlösungsliteratur über das Bündnis für Arbeit’. Politische Vierteljahresschrift, 45, 4, 541–562. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11615-004-0090-z.Google Scholar
Ulrichs, M., Slater, R. and Costella, C. (2019) ‘Building resilience to climate risks through social protection: from individualised models to systemic transformation’. Disasters, 43, S368–S387. https://doi.org/10.1111/disa.12339.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
UNDP (2015) ‘Adaptive Social Protection in Cambodia. Strategy Paper.’ Cambodia: UNDP.Google Scholar
UNEP (2022) Emissions Gap Report 2022: The Closing Window — Climate Crisis Calls for Rapid Transformation of Societies. Nairobi: United Nations.Google Scholar
UNFCCC (2016) ‘Just transition of the workforce, and the creation of decent work and quality jobs’, https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2016/tp/07.pdf [accessed 05.13.21].Google Scholar
Vergara-Camus, L. (2019) Capitalism, Democracy, and the Degrowth Horizon. Capitalism Nature Socialism, 30(2) 217–233.Google Scholar
White, D. (2020) ‘Just Transitions/Design for Transitions: Preliminary Notes on a Design Politics for a Green New Deal’. Capitalism Nature Socialism, 31, 2, 20–39. https://doi.org/10.1080/10455752.2019.1583762.Google Scholar
Wichterich, C. (2015) ‘Contesting green growth, connecting care, commons and enough’, in Harcourt, W., Nelson, I.L. (Eds.), Practising Feminist Political Ecologies: Moving Beyond the ‘Green Economy.’ London: Zed Books, 68–100. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350221970.Google Scholar
Wilkinson, R. G. and Pickett, K. (2009) The spirit level: why more equal societies almost always do better. Allen Lane: London.Google Scholar
Wilkinson, R. G. and Pickett, K. (2019) The inner level: how more equal societies reduce stress, restore sanity and improve everyone’s well-being. Penguin Books, Random House: UK.Google Scholar
Williams, F. (2021) Social policy: a critical and intersectional analysis. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Winkler, H. (2020) ‘Towards a theory of just transition: A neo-Gramscian understanding of how to shift development pathways to zero poverty and zero carbon’. Energy Research and Social Science, 70, 101789. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101789.Google Scholar
World Bank, (2022) ‘Adaptive Social Protection: Building Resilience to Shocks’. https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/human-capital/publication/adaptive-social-protection-building-resilience-to-shocks-key-findings [accessed 01/12/22].Google Scholar
Wright, E. O. (2009) Envisioning Real Utopias. London: Verso Books.Google Scholar
Zimmermann, K. and Graziano, P. (2020) ‘Mapping Different Worlds of Eco-Welfare States’. Sustainability, 12, 1819. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12051819.Google Scholar