Hostname: page-component-cb9f654ff-9b74x Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-08-31T12:34:35.962Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Mechanical properties of calcium carbonate/eggshell particle filled polypropylene Composites

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 July 2020

Kabiru Mustapha ,
Rashidat Ayinla ,
Abdulraman Sikiru Ottan  and
Tunji Adetayo Owoseni
Kabiru Mustapha*
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria.
Rashidat Ayinla
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria.
Abdulraman Sikiru Ottan
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria.
Tunji Adetayo Owoseni
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom.
*
*Corresponding Author: Email : kabiru.mustapha@kwasu.edu.ng, Mobile: +2348065665369
Get access

Abstract

Calcium carbonate is widely used as a filler material in the production of polymer matrix composites and studies have shown that eggshell contains about 94% calcium carbonate. The effect of calcium carbonate from eggshell particles in polypropylene was studied in this work and the result compared with unreinforced polypropylene. Industrially synthesized calcium carbonate/eggshell particles were used as filler in polypropylene matrix with varying mass fractions from 5 to 20 wt. % at 5 wt. % increment. The produced samples were mechanically characterized for indentation hardness and uniaxial tensile properties using a Rockwell hardness tester and universal mechanical testing machine respectively. These properties were measured at different compositions to determine its compositional dependence. Microstructural analysis of the composites top and fracture surface was also carried out using scanning electron microscope to examine possible failure mode. The results were compared to measure the effect of reinforcement and the replacement criteria for the conventional calcium carbonate. The results obtained showed that calcium carbonate reinforced polypropylene has its highest tensile strength, elastic modulus and modulus of rupture at 5 wt. %, ductility and modulus of resilience at 10 wt. %, and hardness at 15 wt. %. The results also showed that granulated eggshell can provided appreciable improvement in the mechanical properties of polypropylene as obtainable in mineral calcium carbonate reinforced polypropylene.

Information

Type
Articles
Information
MRS Advances , Volume 5 , Issue 54-55: Nanoscale and Quantum Materials , 2020 , pp. 2783 - 2792
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Shekar, H. S. S. and Ramachandra, M., “Green Composites: A Review,” Mater. Today Proc., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 2518–2526, 2018.Google Scholar
Saba, N., Tahir, P. M., and Jawaid, M., “A review on potentiality of nano filler/natural fiber filled polymer hybrid composites,” Polymers (Basel)., vol. 6, no. 8, pp. 2247–2273, 2014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huber, T., Misra, M., and Mohanty, A. K., “The effect of particle size on the rheological properties of polyamide 6/biochar composites,” in AIP Conference Proceedings, 2015, vol. 1664, p. 150004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matuana, L. M. and Stark, N. M., “The use of wood fibers as reinforcements in composites,” in Biofiber Reinforcements in Composite Materials, Elsevier, 2014, pp. 648–688.Google Scholar
Jing, Y. et al. , “Reinforcing polypropylene with calcium carbonate of different morphologies and polymorphs,” Sci. Eng. Compos. Mater., vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 745–751, Jul. 2018.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leong, Y. W., Abu Bakar, M. B., Ishak, Z. A. M., Ariffin, A., and Pukanszky, B., “Comparison of the mechanical properties and interfacial interactions between talc, kaolin, and calcium carbonate filled polypropylene composites,” J. Appl. Polym. Sci., vol. 91, no. 5, pp. 3315–3326, Mar. 2004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neunzehn, J., Szuwart, T., and Wiesmann, H. P., “Eggshells as natural calcium carbonate source in combination with hyaluronan as beneficial additives for bone graft materials, an in vitro study,” Head Face Med., vol. 11, no. 1, p. 12, Dec. 2015.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robinson, F. E., Fasenko, G. M., and Renema, R. A., “Optimizing chick production in broiler breeders,” Spotted Cow Press, pp. 1–24, 2003.Google Scholar
Onuegbu, G. C. and Igwe, I. O., “The Effects of Filler Contents and Particle Sizes on the Mechanical and End-Use Properties of Snail Shell Powder Filled Polypropylene,” Mater. Sci. Appl., vol. 02, no. 07, pp. 810–816, 2011.Google Scholar
Yang, H. S., Kim, H. J., Son, J., Park, H. J., Lee, B. J., and Hwang, T. S., “Rice-husk flour filled polypropylene composites; mechanical and morphological study,” Compos. Struct., vol. 63, no. 3–4, pp. 305–312, Feb. 2004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hassen, A. A., Dizbay-Onat, M., Bansal, D., Bayush, T., and Vaidya, U., “Utilization of chicken Eggshell Waste as a Bio-Filler for thermoplastic Polymers: Thermal and Mechanical characterization of Polypropylene Filled With naturally derived caco3,” Polym. Polym. Compos., vol. 23, no. 9, pp. 653–662, Nov. 2015.Google Scholar
ASTM International, ASTM E459 - 05: Standard test method for measuring heat transfer rate using a thin-skin calorimeter. 2011.Google Scholar
Ashby, M. M. and Jones, D. R. H., Engineering Materials 1. 2012.Google Scholar
Callister, W. D. J. and Rethwisch, D. G., “Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction Seventh Edition,” in Wiley, 2007, pp. 131–173.Google Scholar
Polzin, T, “Hardness Measurment of Metals- Static Methods,” in In: Herrmann, K (ed) Hardness Test. Princ. Appl., 1st ed. ASM International, 2011, pp. 25–66.Google Scholar
Liggett, W. S., Low, S. R., Pitchure, D. J., and Song, J., “Capability in Rockwell C Scale Hardness,” J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol., vol. 105, no. 4, pp. 511–532, 2000.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nourbakhsh, A., Karegarfard, A., Ashori, A., and Nourbakhsh, A., “Effects of particle size and coupling agent concentration on mechanical properties of particulate-filled polymer composites,” J. Thermoplast. Compos. Mater., vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 169–174, Mar. 2010.Google Scholar