We report a case of an epidermotropic CD8+ cutaneous T-cell lymphoma which initially presented as an ulcerated lesion of the pinna. Although T-cell lymphomas may present as cutaneous lesions, the ear is rarely involved. This uncommon presentation and the need for multiple biopsies means that the diagnosis of these lesions may be delayed or missed. A high index of suspicion is required when evaluating cutaneous lesions in the head and neck area.

We report a patient who developed sudden, bilateral, sensorineural hearing loss during therapeutic use of iloprost for Raynaud's phenomenon. The sudden hearing loss was attributed to iloprost use and completely reversed in eight days with conservative therapy. Iloprost may be a potentially ototoxic drug, causing sudden hearing loss.

Benign fibro-osseous tumours of the head and neck region seldom appear in the midface and nasal cavity. Correct differential diagnosis of fibro-osseous tumours is crucial for adequate therapy, as their clinical aggressiveness seems to differ.

The rather uncommon case of a 14-year-old boy with a tumour of the middle turbinate is presented. The radiologic appearance of the tumour, on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans, was consistent with fibrous dysplasia. Angiography revealed extensive vascularisation of the tumour from both the internal and external carotid arteries. To avoid ipsilateral blindness following embolisation, a superselective embolisation of the supplying blood vessels was performed. The tumour was completely resected via an endoscopic approach. Histopathology revealed an ossifying fibroma.

This case emphasises the importance of interpretation of the clinical, radiological and histological features before planning definitive treatment. Moreover, when fibro-osseous tumours are suspected, the possibility of extensive, complicated vascularisation must be considered. This case underwent radical resection, with no recurrence after four years' follow up.

Isolated sphenoidits is a rare entity that often presents with vague, non-specific symptoms. We present the case of a 36-year-old Middle Eastern man, who developed headache and a painful right eye. A diagnosis of acute sphenoiditis was made. Shortly afterwards, he developed diplopia due to isolated abducent nerve involvement. Within two months, the extent of cranial nerve involvement had increased to include cranial nerves II, III, and V. Subsequently, this was treated by functional endoscopic sinus surgical drainage and biopsy. Histology revealed inflammatory changes. The patient made a dramatic recovery post-operatively, with resolution in all symptoms.

We aimed to review (1) the imaging changes in the dura mater in cases of huge, lobulated juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma, and (2) the choice of surgical management.

Imaging from four cases of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma showed extrapharyngeal extension of the tumour. The sphenoid sinus, sella turcica and clivus were extensively eroded, and the tumour had spread deep into the cranial fossa. In three cases, intracranial exploration was performed to treat the intracranial tumour lobule. Subsequently, the tumours were removed using extracranial approaches. No perforation of the dura mater was found in these three cases, although the dura mater in the superior orbital fissure was congested, haemorrhagic and solid. Pre-operative imaging for two cases (i.e. the first operation for one and the second operation for the other) revealed no dura mater perforation. A transantral approach via a midfacial degloving incision was used to remove these tumours completely.

We conclude that change in the dura mater is a crucial indication for the choice of management. If the dura mater is intact, a transantral approach via a midfacial degloving incision may remove the tumour successfully.

Two patients with a history of epistaxis who were both found to have a nasolacrimal duct melanoma are presented. A literature review revealed that no previous cases of primary nasolacrimal duct melanoma have been reported. Current therapeutic modalities are discussed.

Oesophagitis dissecans superficialis is an extremely rare and benign condition where the mucosal epithelium of the oesophagus sloughs off along the whole length of the oesophagus and is expelled as an oesophageal cast. This condition has been reported in association with various aetiological factors. We report a case of an oesophageal cast in a patient who underwent repeated oesophagoscopy and dilatation for a postcricoid web. We discuss the possible relationship between trauma to the upper oesophagus and the development of oesophagitis dissecans superficialis.

Aims: To evaluate parents' satisfaction with medical and allied health services provided to children with Down syndrome in north-west England, comparing ENT and its allied services with other areas of health service provision.

Methods: A questionnaire survey of parents attending a north-west England Down syndrome association conference. Demographic data, departments visited, satisfaction with each service (scored one to five), waiting times for each service (scored one to five), service need (scored one to three) and accessibility (scored one to three) were recorded.

Results: Otolaryngology had been used by 50 per cent of children, with a satisfaction of 2.63 (the second worst score). Speech and language therapy was used by 90 per cent of the children, with a satisfaction of 3.26 (the worst score). The service felt to be most needed and also most difficult to access was speech and language therapy.

Conclusion: Otorhinolaryngology departments should assess how they can improve their service to this population with specific ENT needs. Speech and language services for children with Down syndrome should be expanded.

We report on the presentation and clinical manifestations of superior semicircular canal dehiscence in association with a large defect of the tegmen tympani in a 41-year-old woman with no previous history of trauma. Based on this case we recommend that clinicians consider the possibility of superior semicircular canal dehiscence in patients presenting with symptoms associated with tegmen defects.

Intracranial foreign bodies are typically removed via a craniotomy, which carries significant peri-operative risks. Nasal endoscopy for removal of intracranial foreign bodies is rare and has been attempted only a few times. Here, we describe a case in which nasal endoscopy was employed to successfully remove an air rifle pellet from the anterior cranial fossa, with subsequent repair of the associated cerebrospinal fistula. We thus advocate nasal endoscopy as an alternate line of management for the removal of foreign bodies from the anterior cranial fossa when possible, due to its significantly lower associated morbidity, provided adequate neurosurgical backup is available if required.

We present a technique, which has not been previously described in the literature, of using rolled autogenous conchal cartilage for dorsal augmentation via an endonasal or external rhinoplasty approach. This technique gives greater dorsal height compared with the more common layering techniques. It is most appropriate in the minimally or moderately saddled nose.

Cysticercosis, caused by infestation with the pork tapeworm Taenia solium, is known to commonly involve the brain, muscles and subcutaneous tissue. Diagnosing cysticercosis can be difficult as its clinical presentation is usually non-specific. When involving subcutaneous tissue, it can present as firm, non-tender, solitary or multiple nodules. We report a case of subcutaneous cysticercosis at the nasion mimicking a nasal dermoid.

Granular cell tumours of the larynx are a very rare cause of persistent hoarse or husky voice in children. We report the case of a 13-year-old girl who presented with a three-year history of progressively huskier voice. We discuss the presentation, location and diagnosis of the tumour. In addition, we present a method of surgical treatment of the tumour, involving the hitherto unreported technique of laser excision and frozen section of the lesion.