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Occupational System of Criminology: Its Environment and Problems

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 May 2025

Elmer H. Johnson
Elmer H. Johnson*
Affiliation:
North Carolina State of the University of North Carolina at Raleigh
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Extract

A central problem of modern society is the integration of differentiated activities into a meaningful and coordinated whole. With the emergence of occupational roles as a distinguishing feature of modern society, there is need to integrate occupational activities to reduce discrepancies between goals and achievement in major segments of the social structure. What a person does assumes new importance to the social system in determining his place and function. The individual's prestige in the community is determined largely by his status within the occupational hierarchy. Occupational groups are motived to raise the relative prestige of their work. Individuals may be motivated to accept roles of social responsibility and perform vital functions when their occupation gratifies personal interests and serves as a route for upward mobility. The total social interactions acquire direction and orderly interrelationships when occupational roles tie together individual activities into organized collectivities.

Information

Type
Première Partie: Doctrine: II. — Formation des Criminologues
Information
International Annals of Criminology , Volume 4 , Issue 1 , 1965 , pp. 77 - 87
Copyright
Copyright © 1965 International Society for Criminology

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References

(1) Elmer-H. JOHNSON: Crime, Correction, and Society, Homewood, Illinois: Dorsey Press, 1964, pp. 8, 36-38, 98-99, and 547-551.

(2) J.-S. LOBENTHAL, Jr.: « Proposals for Correctional Education and Training », Prison Journal, 40: 3-4, April 1960.

(3) Ernest GREENWOOD: « Attributes of a Profession », in Sigmund Nosow and William-H. FORM, (eds.), Man, Work and Society, New York: Basic Books, 1962.

(4) Everett-C. HUGHES: Men and Their Work, Glencoe, Illinois: The Free Press, 1958, p. 63.

(5) Robert-W. HABENSTEIN and Edwin-A. CHRIST: Professionalizer, Traditionalizer, and Utilizer, Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri, 1955, pp. 42-43.

(6) Harold-W. WILENSICY: « The Professionalization of Everyone? », American Journal of Sociology, LXX: 157. September 1964.

(7) Ibid, pp. 143-144.

(8) F. FERRACUTI and M.-E. WOLFGANG: « Clinical v. Sociological Criminology: Separation or Integration ? », Excerpt a Criminologica, 4: 407-408, July-August, 1964.

(9) Gordon TRASLER: « Strategic Problems in the Study of Criminal Behavior », British Journal of Criminology, 4: 422-442, July 1964.

(10) Shlomo SHOHAM: « The Theoretical Boundaries of Criminology », British Journal of Criminology, 3: 231-247, January 1963.