No CrossRef data available.
Article contents
Career Criminals, Recidivists and Dangerous Offenders: Distinguishing Groups of Offenders
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 07 May 2025
Abstract
Presented here are three groups of offenders: career criminals, recidivists and dangerous offenders. They are distinguished by the differential application of the legitimate-occupation model, by their status in the hierarchy of the criminal world and by the official societal response to their conduct. These distinctions among the three groups of offenders may lead to a rational penal policy that answers not only to the severity of the individual offense, but also affects the organizational structure in which the offender functions, his place in the hierarchy of the criminal world, his way-of-life, the mode of his criminal conduct and the relative harm that this conduct causes to society.
Resume
L’étude présente trois groupes de délinquants: les criminels de carrière, les récidivistes et les délinquants dangereux. Ils sont distingués par l’application différentielle du modèle de l’occupation légitime, par leur statut dans la hiérarchie du monde criminel et par la réponse sociétale officielle à leur conduite. Ces distinctions entre les trois groupes de délinquants peuvent mener à une politique pénale rationnelle qui répond non seulement à la gravité de l’infraction individuelle, mais affecte aussi la structure organisationnelle dans laquelle le délinquant agit, sa place dans la hiérarchie du monde criminel, son mode de vie, son style de comportement criminel et la nocivité relative que ce comportement présente pour la société.
Resumen
El estudio presenta tres tipos de delincuentes: los crimales de carrera, los reincidentes y los delincuentes peligrosos. Se les puede distinguir a través de la aplicación diferencial del modelo de la ocupación legítima; en función de su estatuto en la jerarquá del mundo criminal y observando la respuesta oficial de la sociedad frente a su conducta. Estas distinciones entre los tres grupos de delincuentes puede conducir a una política penal racional que no solamente responda a la gravedad de la infracción individual, sino que afecte también la estructura organizacional en la cual actúa el delincuente, su lugar en la jerarquía del mundo criminal, su modo de vida, su estilo de comportamiento criminal y la nocividad relativa que representa este comportamiento para la sociedad.
Information
- Type
- II. Etudes: Miscellaneous studies Estudios
- Information
- Copyright
- Copyright © 1987 International Society for Criminology
Footnotes
*
This article, part of a study on Criminal Careers and Social Policy, was funded by the Israel National Academy of Sciences and the Morris J. Wechsler Endowment Fund, Institute of Criminology, Faculty of Law, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
References
Becker, S.H., Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of Deviance, New York: Free Press, 1963.Google Scholar
Becker, S. Howard, Strauss, L.A., «Careers, Personality and Adult Socialization», in Barney, Glaser G. (ed.), Organizational Careers, Chicago: Aidin Publishing Company, 1968, pp. 21–34.Google Scholar
Bottoms, E.A., Reflections on the Renaissance of Dangerousness, Inaugural Lecture as Professor of Criminology in the University of Sheffield, 12 January 1977.Google Scholar
Bottoms, E.A., Brownswood, R., «The Dangerousness Debate After the Fland Report», British Journal of Criminology, Vol. 22, No. 3, July 1972, pp. 229–254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chaiken, M.J., Chaiken, R.M., Varieties of Criminal Behavior, Santa Monica: Rand Corporation, 1982.Google Scholar
Chelimsky, E., Dahmann, J., «The Mitre Corporation’s National Evaluation of the Career Criminal Program: A Discussion of the Findings», Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, Voi. 71, No. 2, Summer, 1980, pp. 102–106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clinard, B.M., Quinney, R., Criminal Behavior Systems: A Typology (2nd ed.), New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc., 1973.Google Scholar
Cloward, A.R. and Ohlin, , Delinquency and Opportunity: A Theory of Delinquent Gangs, New York: Free Press, 1960.Google Scholar
Conklin, E.J., Criminology, New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1981, Chapter 10.Google Scholar
Conrad, P. J., «The Quandary of Dangerousness, Toward the Resolution of a Persisting Dilemma», British Journal of Criminology, Vol. 22, No. 3, July 1982, pp. 225–267.Google Scholar
Cullen, T.F., Link, G.B., «Crime as an Occupation», Criminology, Voi. 18, No. 3, November 1980, pp. 399–410.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cullen, J.B., Novick, M.S., «The Davis-Moore Theory of Stratification: A Further Examination and Extension», American Journal of Sociology, May 1984, pp. 14241437.Google Scholar
Floud, J., Young, W., Dangerousness and Criminal Justice in Radzinowich, Sir L. (ed.), Cambridge Studies in Criminology, Heinemann, 1981.Google Scholar
Fogel, D., We are the Learning Proff: The Justice Model for Corrections, Cincinnati: W.H. Anderson Company, 1975.Google Scholar
Fridlander, K., The Psychoanalytical Approach to Juvenile Delinquency, New York: International Universities Press, Inc., 1947.Google Scholar
Gibbons, C.D., Society, Crime and Criminal Careers, (3rd ed.), Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1977.Google Scholar
Glaser, D., The Effectiveness of a Prison and Parole System, Indianapolis: Bobbs-Mer- rill, 1964.Google Scholar
Glueck, S., Glueck, E., Juvenile Delinquents Grown-Up, New York: The Commonwealth Fund, 1940.Google Scholar
Glueck, S., Glueck, T.E., «Early Detection of Future Delinquents», Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science, Voi. 47, 1956, pp. 169–181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gottfredson, R.M., Gottfredson, M.D., Decision-making in Criminal Justice: Toward the Rational Exercice of Discretion, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Ballinger Publishing Company, 1980.Google Scholar
Greenwood, W.P., «Career Criminal Prosecution: Potention Objectives», Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, Voi. 71, No. 2, Summer, 1980, p. 85–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenwood, W.P. (with Abrahams, Allan), Selective Incapacitation, Santa Monica: Rand Corporation, 1982.Google Scholar
Hamparian, M.D., Schuster, R., Dinitz, S., Conrad, J., The Violent Few, Lexington, Massachusetts: Lexington Books, 1978.Google Scholar
Hess, H., Mafia and Mafiosi: The Structure of Power, Lexington, Massachusetts: D.C. Heath, 1973.Google Scholar
Holland, J.L., Making Vocational Choices: A Theory of Careers, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1973.Google Scholar
Homans, G.C., «Social Behavior as Exchange», American Journal of Sociology, 1958, Vol. 63, pp. 597–606.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ianni, J.A.F. (with Reurs-Ianni, Elizabeth), A Family Business: Kinship and Social Structure in Organized Crime, New York: Russel Sage Foundation, 1972.Google Scholar
Ianni, J.A.F., Black Mafia: Ethnic Succession in Organized Crime, New York: Pocket Books, 1975.Google Scholar
Inciardi, J.A., «Vocational Crime», in Glaser, D. (ed.), Hand-book of Criminology, Skokie, ill.: Rand McNally, 1974, pp. 299–401.Google Scholar
Kramer, C.R., «From Habitual Offenders to Career Criminals», Law and Human Behavior, Vol. 6, No. 3/4, 1982, pp. 273–293.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Letkemann, P., Crime as Work, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1973.Google Scholar
Light, I., «The Ethnic Vice Industry, 1880-1940», American Sociological Review, Vol. 42, June, pp. 464–479.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mack, J., «Professional Crime and Criminal Organizations», International Journal of Criminology and Pathology, Vol. 6, 1978, pp. 295–302.Google Scholar
Mednick, A.S., Gabrielli, F.W., «Gen Environment Interactions and Crime», in Shoham, S.G. (ed.), Israel Studies in Criminology, Vol. VI, Tel Aviv: Ramat Publishing, 1983, pp. 131–142.Google Scholar
Merton, K.R., «Social Structure and Anomie», American Sociological Review, Vol. 3, 1938, pp. 672–682.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Merton, K.R., Social Theory and Social Structure (2nd ed.), New York, Free Press, 1957.Google Scholar
Miller, J.S., Dinitz, S., Conrad John, P., Careers of the Violent, The Dangerous Offender and Criminal Justice, Lexington, Massachusetts: Lexington Books, D.C. Heath and Company, 1982.Google Scholar
Mills, W.C., «The Chief Executives», in Barney, Glaser G. (ed.), op. cit., pp. 417–425.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Monahan, J., «The Prediction of Violence», in Chappel, D. and Monahan, J. (eds.), Violence and Criminal Justice, Lexington, Massachusetts: D.C. Heath, 1975, pp. 1531.Google Scholar
National Advisory Committee on Criminal Justice, Standards and Goals, Correction, Washington, D.C., 1973, Standard 5-3, p. 155.Google Scholar
Petersilia, J., Greenwood, W.P., Lavin, M., Criminal Careers of Habitual Felons, National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice, Law Enforcement Assistance Administration, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, D.C.: 1978, pp. 145–155.Google Scholar
Petrunik, M., «The Politics of Dangerousness», Law and Psychiatry, Vol. 5, No. 3/4, 1982, pp. 225–253.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Radzinowicz, Sir Leon and Hood, R., «Dangerousness and Criminal Justice: A Few Reflections», The Criminal Law Review, January 1981, pp. 756–761.Google Scholar
Shah, A.S., «Dangerousness: Some Definitional, Conceptual and Public Policy Issues» in Sales, D.B. (ed.), Perspectives in Law and Psychology, New York: Plenum Press, Vol. 1, 1977, pp. 91–119.Google Scholar
Singer, G.R., Just Deserts: Sentencing Based on Equality and Desert, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Ballinger Publishing Co., 1979.Google Scholar
Stass, G.R., «Changing Conceptualization of Professional Criminals», Criminology, Vol. 15, No. 1, May 1971, pp. 49–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sutherland, H.E., The Professional Thief, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1937.Google Scholar
Sutherland, H.E., Cressey, R.D., Principles of Criminology (5th ed.), Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1955, pp. 77–80.Google Scholar
The Concise Oxford Dictionary, Fowler, H.W. and Fowler, G. (eds.), Fifth Edition, Oxford, Clarendon Press, p. 180.Google Scholar
von Hirsch, A., Doing Justice, The Choice of Punishments, New York: Hill and Wang, 1976.Google Scholar
von Hirsch, A., Gottfredson, M.D., «Selective Incapacitation: Some Queries on Research Design and Equity», New York University Review of Law and Social Change, No. 1, 1983.Google Scholar
von Hirsch, A., «The Ethics of Selective Incapacitation», paper presented at the 1983 Meeilng of the American Society of Criminology, Denver, Colorado, 12th November, 1983, to be published in Crime and Delinquency, April, 1984.Google Scholar
Walked, A., «Sociology and Professional Crime», in Blumburg, S.A. (ed.), Current Perspectives on Criminal Behavior, New York: Knopf, 1974, pp. 87–113.Google Scholar
Walker, N., «Unscientific, Unwise, Unprofitable or Unjust: The Anti-Protectionist Argument», British Journal of Criminology, Vol. 22, No. 3, July 1982, pp. 276–284.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolfgang, E.M., Figlio, M.R., Sellin, S., Delinquency in a Birth Cohort, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1972.Google Scholar