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Can Crime be Controlled through Planning New Perspectives and Critical Observations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 May 2025

Abstract

Long term planning is needed to counter-act those strong forces, which tend to favor reactive, short-term crime control measures. A general atmosphere favoring rational long-term thinking is more important than the choice of organizational set-up. Computer crime is used as an illustration. Authorities and experts have an obligation to use their expertise to neutralize the populist hysteria in mass media. One common fallacy in popular debate is the «evil creates evil» — doctrine. It calls for an effort to keep in mind that most of the variation in crime is related to age structure, opportunity structure, tolerance levels and other such neutral factors. The UN organization could provide an opportunity for spreading accurate information about crime problems, but is does not operate very effectively. Smaller meetings and a pruning of the deadweight of ideological rhetoric are some of the remedies proposed.

Resume

Resume

Une planification à long terme est nécessaire si l’on veut éviter les forces qui se conjuguent pour favoriser les mesures de contrôle du crime réactives, à court terme. Une ambiance générale qui favorise la réflexion rationnelle à long terme est plus importante que le choix du dispositif organisationnel à mettre en place. La délinquance informatique représente une belle illustration de ces principes. Les autorités et les experts ont le devoir d’utiliser leur expérience pour neutraliser l’hystérie populiste qui règne dans les mass média. Une erreur courante dans le débat public est la doctrine suivant laquelle «le mal engendre le mal». Il s’agit de garder à l’esprit que l’essentiel des variations de la criminalité est en relation avec la structure des âges, la structure des opportunités, les niveaux de tolérance et d’autres facteurs neutres. L’Organisation des Nations Unies pourrait représenter le canal d’une information correcte sur les problèmes criminels, mais elle n’a pas un fonctionnement très effectif. Des réunions plus réduites et un effort d’émondage de la rhétorique idéologique sont quelques-uns des modèles proposés.

Resumen

Resumen

Una planificación a largo plazo es necesaria si se quiere evitar el avance de las fuerzas que se conjugan con vistas a favorecer medidas reactivas de control del crimen, a corto plazo. Más importante que la elección del dispositivo organizacional a poner en práctica es un ambiente general que favorezca la reflexión a largo plazo. La delincuencia informática representa una buena ilustración de estos principios. Las autoridades y los expertos tienen el deber de utilizar su experiencia para neutralizar la misteria populista que reina en los mass-media. Un error corriente en el debate público es la doctrina según la cual «el mal engendra el mal». De lo que se trata es de tener conciencia que lo esencial de las variaciones de la criminalidad se relaciona con la estructura de las edades y de las oportunidades, los niveles de tolerancia y otros factores neutros. La Organización de Naciones Unidas podría constituir el canal de una información correcta sobre los problemas criminológicos, pero ésta no ha tenido un funcionamiento efectivo. Reuniones más reducidas y un esfuerzo de escamonda de la retórica ideológica son algunos de los remedios propuestos.

Information

Type
II. Etudes: Miscellaneous studies Estudios
Copyright
Copyright © 1987 International Society for Criminology

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Footnotes

*

The article is based on a paper written for the UN ad hoc meeting on «New Dimensions of Criminality and Crime Prevention in the Context of Development», Vienna 1984.

**

National Research Institute of Legal Policy, Helsinki.

References

Notes

(1) A recent review of crime prevention options has been published by the National Swedish Council for Crime prevention: E. KUHLHORN & B. SVENSSON: Crime Prevention. Stockholm, 1982.

(2) Some new findings on crime prevention through environmental design are reported in B. POYNER: Design against crime: beyond defensible space. Butterworths. Cambridge, 1983.

(2) I. ANTTILA, P. TÖRNUDD: Kriminologia ja kriminaalipolitiika (A textbook of criminology), Chapters II and V. Juva 1983.

(3) A proposal for a partial revision of the Finnish Penal Code, which specifically considered the problems of computer crime, was made public in July 1984: Rikoslain kokonaisuudistus I. Ministry of Justice. Helsinki, 1984.

(4) P. TÖRNUDD: A more sombre mood: The status and roles of criminology and its institutional relations with public policy and practice. International Annals of Criminology: Special Issue A.I.C. (in print).

(5) The discontent-generating pressures emanating from the mass media were noted at the Latin American regional preparatory meeting. A/CONF.121/RPM/3, paragraph 26.

(6) F. BALVIG: Angst for kriminalitet. Gyldendal. Copenhagen 1978. A recent Canadian study corroborates the findings that socially isolated individuals are particularly fearful of crime: Y. BRILLON, L. GUERIN, M.-C. LAMARCHE: Attitudes of the Canadian public toward crime policies. International Centre of Criminology, University of Montreal 1984.

(7) The Finnish State Committee, which in 1972 proposed a law granting victims of crime the right to demand compensation from state funds, explicitly motivated its proposal with the need to lessen the aggressive feelings of the general public towards offenders. Rikosvahinkokomitean mietinto, pages 23-24. Helsinki, 1972.

(8) The criminogenic effect of the growth and spread of modern transportation was noted at the African regional preparatory meeting, A/CONF.121/RPM/4, paragraph 13.

The Western Asia preparatory meeting specifically observed that development can increase both traditional and modern criminality. A/CONF.121/RPM/4, paragraph 16.

(9) P. TÖRNUDD : Kriminalitetsutvecklingen 1950-1982 (The trends of crime in Finland 1950-1982), Nordisk tidskrift for kriminalvidenskab, Maj 1984, 2/1971.

(10) P. TÖRNUDD : The futility of searching for causes of crime. Scandinavian Yearbook of Studies in Criminology. Volume 3. Oslo-Bergen-Tromsoy 1971. A recent authoritative warning against confusing the issues of blame-allocation and the identification of remedial measures has been voiced by Leslie WILKINS in Consumerist criminology, Cambridge studies in Criminology. Guildford 1984.