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Exploring factors influencing depression among Polish nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 26 August 2025
Abstract
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Introduction
The COVID-19 pandemic has been recognized as an international public health emergency.
Objectives
The aim of our study was to identify contributors to nurses’ depression.
Methods
This survey-based study was conducted in the Pomeranian Medical University Hospital no. 1 in Szczecin and involved 207 nurses. The following standardized research instruments were applied: the World Assumptions Scale, the Athens Insomnia Scale, the Impact of Event Scale - Revised, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder, the Perceived Stress Scale, and a questionnaire of our own authorship.
Results
The study showed that 72.95% of the subjects experienced severe stress, and 40.58% sufferred from insomnia. In addition, 65.7% of the respondents had anxiety symptoms of varying degrees of severity, and 62.8% had depressive symptoms of mild to severe severity. The mean score on the IES-R scale, reflecting a psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, was 34.25 points.
Table 1. Influence of insomnia by AIS, anxiety by GAD-7, stress by PSS-10, World Assumptions Scale on the prevalence of depressive symptoms among nurses according to PHQ-9 (Model 1,2,3)
b - regression coefficient, βstand. - standardized regression coefficient, CI - confidence interval, ref - AIS reference level, Athens Insomnia Scale, GAD-7, generalized anxiety disorder; IES-R, Impact of Event Scale - Revised; PSS-10, The Perceived Stress Scale; WAS, The World Assumptions Scale
| Model | factor | b | βstand. | -95% CI | +95% CI | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | AIS (insomnia vs no insomnia) | 1.571 | 0.250 | 0.155 | 0.344 | 0.000 |
| GAD-7 (total) | 0.613 | 0.535 | 0.426 | 0.643 | 0.000 | |
| Model 2 | AIS( insomnia vs no insomnia) | 1.471 | 0.234 | 0.139 | 0.329 | 0.000 |
| GAD-7 (total) | 0.600 | 0.524 | 0.416 | 0.632 | 0.000 | |
| PSS-10 (steny) | 0.402 | 0.101 | 0.001 | 0.200 | 0.047 | |
| Model 3 | AIS(( insomnia vs no insomnia) | 1.536 | 0.244 | 0.148 | 0.340 | 0.000 |
| GAD-7 (total) | 0.616 | 0.537 | 0.428 | 0.646 | 0.000 | |
| PSS-10 (steny) | 0.442 | 0.111 | 0.011 | 0.211 | 0.029 |
Conclusions
The COVID-19 pandemic affected the psychological health of medical staff, particularly through increased stress and anxiety symptoms. Anxiety levels and insomnia significantly affect the prevalence of depression among nurses.
Disclosure of Interest
None Declared
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- European Psychiatry , Volume 68 , Special Issue S1: Abstracts of the 33rd European Congress of Psychiatry , April 2025 , pp. S626 - S627
- Creative Commons
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.- Copyright
- © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of European Psychiatric Association
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