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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 20 November 2018
We introduce a newinvariant describing the structure of sets of lengths in atomicmonoids and domains. For an atomic monoid $H$, let
${{\Delta }_{\rho }}\left( H \right)$ be the set of all positive integers d that occur as differences of arbitrarily long arithmetical progressions contained in sets of lengths havingmaximal elasticity
$\rho \left( H \right)$. We study
${{\Delta }_{\rho }}\left( H \right)$ for transfer Krull monoids of finite type (including commutative Krull domains with finite class group) with methods from additive combinatorics, and also for a class of weakly Krull domains (including orders in algebraic number fields) for which we use ideal theoretic methods.