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2727 results in Coronavirus Free Access Collection

Page 115 of 137

  • COVID-19 and Unfinished Mourning

  • Behnam Farahmandnia, Lara Hamdanieh, Hamidreza Aghababaeian
  • Journal:
    Prehospital and Disaster Medicine / Volume 35 / Issue 4 / August 2020
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    12 May 2020, p. 464
    Print publication:
    August 2020
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  • ‘Scientific Strabismus’ or two related pandemics: coronavirus disease and vitamin D deficiency

  • Murat Kara, Timur Ekiz, Vincenzo Ricci, Özgür Kara, Ke-Vin Chang, Levent Özçakar
  • Journal:
    British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 124 / Issue 7 / 14 October 2020
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    12 May 2020, pp. 736-741
    Print publication:
    14 October 2020
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  • The WHO has announced the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak to be a global pandemic. The distribution of community outbreaks shows seasonal patterns along certain latitude, temperature and humidity, that is, similar to the behaviour of seasonal viral respiratory tract infections. COVID-19 displays significant spread in northern mid-latitude countries with an average temperature of 5–11°C and low humidity. Vitamin D deficiency has also been described as pandemic, especially in Europe. Regardless of age, ethnicity and latitude, recent data showed that 40 % of Europeans are vitamin D deficient (25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels <50 nmol/l), and 13 % are severely deficient (25(OH)D < 30 nmol/l). A quadratic relationship was found between the prevalences of vitamin D deficiency in most commonly affected countries by COVID-19 and the latitudes. Vitamin D deficiency is more common in the subtropical and mid-latitude countries than the tropical and high-latitude countries. The most commonly affected countries with severe vitamin D deficiency are from the subtropical (Saudi Arabia 46 %; Qatar 46 %; Iran 33·4 %; Chile 26·4 %) and mid-latitude (France 27·3 %; Portugal 21·2 %; Austria 19·3 %) regions. Severe vitamin D deficiency was found to be nearly 0 % in some high-latitude countries (e.g. Norway, Finland, Sweden, Denmark and Netherlands). Accordingly, we would like to call attention to the possible association between severe vitamin D deficiency and mortality pertaining to COVID-19. Given its rare side effects and relatively wide safety, prophylactic vitamin D supplementation and/or food fortification might reasonably serve as a very convenient adjuvant therapy for these two worldwide public health problems alike.

  • Novel Coronavirus, Old Partisanship: COVID-19 Attitudes and Behaviours in the United States and Canada

  • Mark Pickup, Dominik Stecula, Clifton van der Linden
  • Journal:
    Canadian Journal of Political Science/Revue canadienne de science politique / Volume 53 / Issue 2 / June 2020
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    12 May 2020, pp. 357-364
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  • The novel coronavirus reached the United States and Canada almost at the same time. The first reported American case was January 20, 2020, and in Canada it was January 15, 2020 (Canada, 2020; Holshue et al., 2020). Yet, the response to this crisis has been different in the two countries. In the US, President Donald Trump, prominent Republicans, and conservative media initially dismissed the dangers of COVID-19 (Stecula, 2020). The pandemic became politicized from the early days, and even though Trump and Republicans have walked back many of their initial claims, there continue to be media reports of partisan differences in public opinion shaped by that early response. At the same time, the response in Canada has been mostly characterized by across-the-board partisan consensus among political elites (Merkley et al., 2020).

  • WHO Paradoxes in Emergency Operations: The Dilemma of a UN Specialized Agency

  • Osama Ali Maher, Saverio Bellizzi
  • Journal:
    Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness / Volume 15 / Issue 6 / December 2021
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    11 May 2020, pp. 673-674
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  • The past two decades have witnessed a major shift in humanitarian operations to respond to more internal conflicts instead of the traditional cross-border wars. Over the recent years, two major shifts have taken place within the WHO to orient toward response to emergencies, namely the introduction of the Humanitarian Reform and the Cluster Approach in 2005 and the introduction of the Emergency Response Framework (ERF). The financing of the agency in humanitarian operations is adding emerging elements to the WHO operations, especially because of the constantly higher contribution from non-state- and state- funding agencies. Pending issues include aspects like health strategy, conflict analysis, legal issues of aid delivery, impartiality in delivering services, and other aspects and needs.

  • The Role of Dental Professionals in Pandemic Events and Disaster Responses

  • Guangwen Li, Bei Chang, Hui Li, Rui Wang, Gang Li
  • Journal:
    Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness / Volume 15 / Issue 6 / December 2021
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    11 May 2020, pp. 785-789
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  • The past 20 years have seen major public health emergencies and natural disasters, including the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome outbreak caused by the SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2003; the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008; and the novel coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) of 2019, which caused mass casualties, infections, and panic. These also resulted in complex demands for medical resources and information, and a shortage of human resources for emergency responses. To address the shortage of human resources required for these emergency responses, Chinese dental professionals made useful contributions. From this work, deficiencies in emergency response training and opportunities for the expansion of rescue capabilities were identified, and relevant recommendations made.

  • Public Health Communication in Time of Crisis: Readability of On-Line COVID-19 Information

  • Corey H. Basch, Jan Mohlman, Grace C. Hillyer, Philip Garcia
  • Journal:
    Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness / Volume 14 / Issue 5 / October 2020
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    11 May 2020, pp. 635-637
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  • Objective:

    The purpose of this study was to assess the readability of information on the Internet posted about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to determine how closely these materials are written to the recommended reading levels.

    Methods:

    Using the search term “coronavirus,” information posted on the first 100 English language websites was identified. Using an online readability calculator, multiple readability tests were conducted to ensure a comprehensive representation would result.

    Results:

    The mean readability scores ranged between grade levels 6.2 and 17.8 (graduate school level). Four of the 5 measures (GFI, CLI, SMOG, FRE) found that readability exceeded the 10th grade reading level indicating that the text of these websites would be difficult for the average American to read. The mean reading level for nearly all noncommercial and commercial websites was at or above the 10th grade reading level.

    Conclusions:

    Messages about COVID-19 must be readable at an “easy” level, and must contain clear guidelines for behavior. The degree to which individuals seek information in response to risk messages is positively related to the expectation that the information will resolve uncertainty. However, if the information is too complex to interpret and it fails to lead to disambiguation, this can contribute to feelings of panic.

Page 115 of 137