from Part I - The Ancient Routes of Trade and Cultural Exchanges and the First States (Sixth–Second Millennium bce)
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 04 October 2019
Following the global recession of the late third millennium, the beginning of the second millennium was a crucial period of transformation and expansion. The reunified Egypt of the Middle Kingdom (c. 2030–1730) extended its connections with the exchange networks of the eastern Mediterranean, a thriving region in this period. An urban civilization appeared in Crete (first Palatial Period), which invented particular systems of writing. Minoan networks expanded into the Aegean Sea, Greece, the Adriatic, and perhaps as far as the Black Sea. In western Asia, a phase of weaker central powers after the collapse of the Ur III Empire saw the new development of a system of city-states and the emergence – apparently in a new form – of the private sector, clearly visible in the functioning of the Assyrian trade in Anatolia.
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