Artists have painted monumental images on walls throughout time. Images as diverse as the stampeding bulls and horses in the prehistoric caves of Lascaux, Dordogne, France (c. 17000 BCE, Figure 0.1), the enigmatic scenes at the pre-Columbian Maya site of San Bartolo in Guatemala (c. 300 BCE–50 CE), and the languid Bodhisattvas from the fifth century in the Ajanta cave 1 in India (Figure 0.2), decorated tombs, shrines, temples and houses. Fragmentary survivals from Greece, Crete, Rome, and early Christian Europe attest to a continuous tradition of mural painting in the West. Wall paintings reflected profound social change by embracing new imagery, formats, and styles. Striking examples survive in the late Roman catacombs. Murals in the catacomb of Saints Peter and Marcellinus in Rome from the late third or early fourth century CE were painted in a simplified Roman technique and depict images, such as the Good Shepherd, that appealed to pagan, Jewish, and Christian worshippers.