This chapter aims to layout, more in detail, how Giambattista Vico weaved the different conceptual threads he gathered from such tradition to further his ambitious humanistic agenda. Vico’s philosophy of knowledge is an eclectic chimaera with many shortcomings and productive confusions. The chapter also focuses on Vico’s immediate context and intellectual references and explores four fundamental issues that surrounded and inspired the formulation of this seminal praxis epistemology: the relation between ancient and modern conceptions of knowledge; the idea that we know as makers of concepts and things; the relationship between ‘scientific’ discoveries and their conceptual criticism and the Vichian connection between the philosophy of knowledge and history as framed in his New Science.