Introduction

There are many theories that are related to health policies and healthcare service delivery. Many factors often affect a particular healthcare policy initiative that may have little to do with the merit or validity of any enacted health policy. Therefore, theories could help readers and scholars to better understand, the environmental conditions, and events that may escape the detailed explanation and impacts (McGain et al. 2020; Birkland 2016). According to Anderson (2011) and Kraft and Furlong (2024), theories could illustrate vital correlations between important variables as well as explain the significant effects of government actions that often affect the day-to-day lives of all citizens in a country.

Government, private sector, and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) are essential components of healthcare delivery systems in many African countries. This is because healthcare is very significant in the African continent, and everybody needs it in other to live a better life with less painful stress and injuries. According to Patel and Rushefsky (2015) and Patashnik et al. (2020), the government and the private sectors in many countries around the world provide healthcare to the citizens. Healthcare could be related to preventing disease, illness, or injury, and treating people who are sick (Kraft and Furlong 2024; Grad 2002). Governments of various African countries engage in many activities to influence public and private institutions in making the right decisions in the management and regulation of healthcare systems for all citizens ( Janati et al. 2018; Johnson & Stoskopf 2010). Governments also decide how to help their citizens get access to healthcare and other human needs such as water supply, sanitation, and waste remover (Kraft and Furlong (2024). Without these services, the health of human beings will be deplorable in modern societies. Although medicine plays a major part in healthcare-related models, there are other services such as the Food and Drug Administration, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and the National Institute of Health in any nation that is critical for facilitating a better health system (Luciano et al. 2019). In addition, all public healthcare delivery services and the production or importation of medicines are regulated and funded by the government.