from Part I - Atmosphere–Ocean Circulation and Synoptic Paleoclimatology
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 09 September 2025
Synoptic paleoclimatology is an interdisciplinary approach, using atmospheric, oceanic, and earth sciences to connect paleoweather and paleoclimate. The weather regime approach to paleoclimatology identifies large-scale flow patterns in the atmosphere and ocean, their persistence or transience, and associated weather characteristics. Weather-event frequency is expressed in the paleoclimate signal. Paleoweather is explored within scaling climate modes of variability: latitudinal insolation and temperature gradients associated with orbital forcing, and internal dynamical modes of variability in the atmosphere and ocean. The chapter covers the modern global atmospheric pressure field and its geographic centres of action; the role of wind and wind stress on ocean circulation; ocean gyres and currents; and the surface ocean mixed layer. It explores climate mode teleconnections – the atmospheric bridge, oceanic tunnel and super-gyres, and the thermal bipolar seesaw – using statistical associations and dynamical processes. Low-frequency climate variability recorded by natural climate proxies is investigated with a focus on macroweather scales and climate memory.
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