The Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in August 1990 reshaped US foreign policy and placed Israel in a precarious position. As the Bush administration built an international coalition against Saddam Hussein, it deliberately distanced itself from Israel to secure Arab participation in Operation Desert Shield. This led to Israeli concerns about its strategic value to the US, especially amid debates over arms sales to Saudi Arabia and exclusion from military coordination. Although Israel exercised restraint at Washington’s request, tensions emerged over intelligence sharing, arms procurement, and settlements. US efforts to sideline Israel during the Gulf conflict fuelled fears of estrangement and prompted Israeli efforts to secure military aid and reaffirm its alliance with the US. This chapter examines Israel’s role in the Gulf War’s geopolitical landscape, focusing on its strategic concerns, diplomatic responses, and evolving relationship with the Bush administration. It also explores how American outreach to Arab states reshaped Israel’s perceived standing in US foreign policy.