When George H. W. Bush ascended to the American presidency in 1989, one of the more urgent relationships that he was faced with building was that with Israel’s Yitzhak Shamir. Drawing on newly declassified materials from American and Israeli state and non-state archives, this book reveals the complexities of a relationship defined by both deep co-operation and sharp tensions. From the peace process to loan guarantees, from military aid to emotional diplomacy, The Strained Alliance uncovers the debates, conflicts, and strategic decisions that shaped this critical period between 1989 and 1992. In doing so, David Tal challenges the traditional perception that US–Israel relations were dominated by policy disagreements, highlighting instead the broader foundation of collaboration that endured behind the scenes. Tal provides fresh insights into the intricate dynamics of diplomacy, ideology, and leadership, offering a balanced perspective on one of the most pivotal chapters in US–Israel history.