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Chapter 4 - Definition of School Adjustment

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 August 2025

Moshe Israelashvili
Moshe Israelashvili
Affiliation:
Tel Aviv University
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Summary

The term “school adjustment” refers not only to the state or phenomenological description of a student at a given point in time; it also refers to the process that newcomers experience once they start to make the transition from home to early childhood care or kindergarten; from kindergarten to elementary school; from elementary school to secondary or junior high-school; from secondary school to high school; from any one school to another (e.g., due to parental divorce or immigration); and from high school to institutions of higher education. The state of school adjustment refers to students’ exhibition of expected academic outcomes, expected interpersonal outcomes, a general motivation to learn, and personal outcomes (e.g., positive self-esteem, lack of depressive symptoms). The process of school adjustment is the advancing process by which the students’ readiness and even eagerness to meet the aforementioned criteria of a state of school adjustment gradually emerge. As one of the life-course transitional events, adjustment too school can be articulated by the Stress and Adjustment Model (STA; Israelashvili, 2023).

Keywords

belongingstateacademic outcomesinterpersonal outcomesmotivational outcomespersonal outcomesprocesstransitional stress and adjustment model

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School Adjustment
Why Some Students Fade and Others Flourish
 , pp. 59 - 87
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2025

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