This chapter describes the development of psychoanalysis at the turn of the century in Vienna and the links between psychoanalysis and music. It suggests that, even if its founder, Sigmund Freud, was only marginally concerned with music, there might be some similarities between the two disciplines: after all, the task of the psychoanalyst is to listen with the ‘third ear’. The chapter then introduces Freud’s circle, the so-called Psychological Wednesday Society, which later became the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society and which had some music-loving members, and examines the topics and the frequency of the discussions about music at Society meetings. The chapter concludes with the finding that references to music took up only a marginal amount of time in the overall discussion, and the hypothesis that Freud’s lack of interest in music played a weighty role in this.