This chapter focuses on the specifics of Socialist Realism as one of the mutations of realism in the twentieth century. Socialist Realism is considered a form of popular (mass) literature, an attempt to overcome the elitism of modernism and return to populist aesthetics and the realistic conventions of the nineteenth century, accessible to the mass reader. The fact that this transformation was promoted by the state indicated that literature played an important role in the political–aesthetic project of Stalinism. Socialist Realism is viewed not only as totalitarian kitsch, not only as a propaganda tool, but above all as an instrument for the aesthetic transformation of life, its derealization and replacement of reality with a created image/spectacle. This image is intended to replace reality with the required representation. So, the main function of Socialist Realism was not reflection or analysis, which are usually associated with realism, but the production of socialism and the replacement of Soviet reality with this image. The success of this virtual production of reality was ensured by various government institutions of censorship, control, and normalization.