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Chapter 41 - Yellow Fever

from Section 6 - Viral Infections

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 June 2025

By
Izabela Mauricio de Rezende ,
Derick Kimathi ,
George M. Warimwe ,
A. Desiree LaBeaud  and
Oyewale Tomori
Edited by
David Mabey ,
Martin W. Weber ,
Moffat Nyirenda ,
Dorothy Yeboah-Manu ,
Jackson Orem ,
Laura Benjamin ,
Michael Marks  and
Nicholas A. Feasey
David Mabey
Affiliation:
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
Martin W. Weber
Affiliation:
World Health Organization
Moffat Nyirenda
Affiliation:
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
Dorothy Yeboah-Manu
Affiliation:
Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana
Jackson Orem
Affiliation:
Uganda Cancer Institute, Kampala
Laura Benjamin
Affiliation:
University College London
Michael Marks
Affiliation:
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
Nicholas A. Feasey
Affiliation:
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
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Summary

Yellow fever (YF) is the prototypical viral haemorrhagic fever (VHF) and remains a threat for much of sub-Saharan Africa. Presently, 32 countries are at risk. The WHO estimates that up to 200,000 cases of YF with 30,000 deaths occur annually, 90% of which are in Africa. Lassa fever affects a more limited region of West Africa but may cause as many as 300,000 cases and 5000 deaths annually, as well as causing significant disability through deafness.

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Chapter
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Principles of Medicine in Africa , pp. 455 - 459
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2025

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References

CDC. Transmission of yellow fever virus. www.cdc.gov/yellowfever/transmission/index.html.Google Scholar
de Menezes Martins, R., Maia, M. de L. S., de Lima, S. M. B. et al. (2018). Duration of post-vaccination immunity to yellow fever in volunteers eight years after a dose-response study. Vaccine, 36(28), 4112–4117. doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.05.041.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Garske, T., van Kerkhove, M. D., Yactayo, S. et al. (2014). Yellow fever in Africa: Estimating the burden of disease and impact of mass vaccination from outbreak and serological data. PLoS Medicine, 11(5), e1001638. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001638.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Juan-Giner, A., Kimathi, D., Grantz, K. H. et al. (2021). Immunogenicity and safety of fractional doses of yellow fever vaccines: a randomised, double-blind, non-inferiority trial. Lancet, 397(10269), 119–127. doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32520-4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mokaya, J., Kimathi, D., Lambe, T. & Warimwe, G.M. (2021). What constitutes protective immunity following yellow fever vaccination? Vaccines, 9(6), 671. doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9060671.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Monath, T. P. (2001). Yellow fever: an update. Lancet Infectious Diseases, 1(1), 11–20. doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(01)00016-0.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Strode, G.K., Bugher, J.C. & Kerr, J.A. (1951). In Strode, G. K. (ed.) Yellow Fever. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co.Google Scholar
WHO (2008). Detection and investigation of serious adverse events following yellow fever vaccination. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/70251/WHO_HSE_GAR_ERI_2010.2_eng.pdf?sequence=1.Google Scholar
WHO (2013). Weekly epidemiological record: vaccines and vaccination against yellow fever. www.who.int/wer.Google Scholar
WHO (2017). Eliminate yellow fever epidemics by 2026 (EYE). www.who.int/csr/disease/yellowfev/eye-strategy-one-pager.pdf.Google Scholar

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