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Chapter 30 - Leptospirosis

from Section 5 - Bacterial Infections

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 June 2025

David Mabey
Affiliation:
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
Martin W. Weber
Affiliation:
World Health Organization
Moffat Nyirenda
Affiliation:
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
Dorothy Yeboah-Manu
Affiliation:
Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana
Jackson Orem
Affiliation:
Uganda Cancer Institute, Kampala
Laura Benjamin
Affiliation:
University College London
Michael Marks
Affiliation:
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
Nicholas A. Feasey
Affiliation:
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
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Summary

Leptospirosis is a common zoonosis that is under-recognized in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa (Costa et al. 2015). Climate change, changing agricultural practices and rapid urbanization suggest that leptospirosis will continue to be a major cause of illness in coming years.

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Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2025

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References

Biggs, H. M., Bui, D. M., Galloway, R. L. et al. (2011). Leptospirosis among hospitalized febrile patients in northern Tanzania. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 85, 275–81.10.4269/ajtmh.2011.11-0176CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brett-Major, D. M. & Coldren, R. (2012). Antibiotics for leptospirosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, CD008264.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Costa, F., Hagan, J. E., Calcagno, J. et al. (2015). Global morbidity and mortality of leptospirosis: a systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 9, e0003898.10.1371/journal.pntd.0003898CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goris, M. G., Leeflang, M. M., Boer, K. R. et al. (2012). Establishment of valid laboratory case definition for human leptospirosis. J Bacteriol Parasitol, doi: 10.4172/2155-9597.1000132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maze, M. J., Sharples, K. J., Allan, K. J. et al. (2019). Diagnostic accuracy of leptospirosis whole-cell lateral flow assays: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Microbiol Infect, 25, 437–44.10.1016/j.cmi.2018.11.014CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mwachui, M. A., Crump, L., Hartskeerl, R. et al. (2015). Environmental and behavioural determinants of leptospirosis transmission: a systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 9, e0003843.10.1371/journal.pntd.0003843CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Segura, E. R., Ganoza, C. A., Campos, K. et al. (2005). Clinical spectrum of pulmonary involvement in leptospirosis in a region of endemicity, with quantification of leptospiral burden. Clin Infect Dis, 40, 343–51.10.1086/427110CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thaipadungpanit, J., Chierakul, W., Wuthiekanun, V. et al. (2011). Diagnostic accuracy of real-time PCR assays targeting 16S rRNA and LipL32 genes for human leptospirosis in Thailand: a case-control study. PLoS ONE, 6, e16236.10.1371/annotation/e2b77844-576a-4d20-b698-09ad057872fcCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

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