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4 - Dynamical systems as dependent lenses

from Part I - The category of polynomial functors

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 September 2025

Nelson Niu
Affiliation:
University of Washington
David I. Spivak
Affiliation:
Topos Institute
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Summary

We model discrete-time dynamical systems using a specific class of lenses between polynomials whose domains are equipped with a bijection between their positions and their directions. We introduce Moore machines and deterministic state automata as key examples, showing how these morphisms describe state transitions and interactions. We also explain how to build new dynamical systems from existing ones using operations like products, parallel composition, and compositions of these maps. This chapter demonstrates how polynomial functors can be used to represent and analyze discrete-time dynamical behavior in a clear, structured way.

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Chapter
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Polynomial Functors
A Mathematical Theory of Interaction
, pp. 105 - 184
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2025

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