This chapter analyzes the infrastructure of medical services and situates Arab doctors within this grid. The British Department of Health, on the one hand, was a significant employer, employing 25 to 35 percent of all Palestinian physicians at any given time. On the other hand, these doctors had minimal impact on decision-making: British medical officers occupied the top administrative echelons, restricting local medical professionals’ autonomy and career prospects and preventing the formation of a proto-state medical infrastructure. The chapter examines the tension between pressure from the Colonial Office to limit expenditure and pressure from Palestinian civil society to expand services. It then looks at Palestinian physicians’ working conditions at the department and Palestinian demands to improve medical services. The chapter concludes with attempts made by the department’s last director to remedy its ills during the final two years of the British Mandate.