Documentation necessary for reporting professional observation services as of 2022 using the Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes set and associated guidance. The CPT code descriptors are explained for each code set in the observation service family along with explanation of documentation to justify reporting each level. Multiple coding scenarios are used to illustrate these concepts. The resource-based relative value scale system is explained as it relates to observation services and Medicare payment for 2022 are included. Additional topics discussed include prolonged observation services, critical care, and appropriate use of modifiers.