This chapter describes historical and contemporary advocacy and activism movements in Israel. The first of these movements was the push to revive the Hebrew language, transform it from a literate language into a vernacular, and make it a dominant and ideologically unifying tool for Jewish immigrants to Palestine (later Israel) throughout the twentieth century. Strong advocacy movements mobilized to achieve this goal, which eventually succeeded in achieving official status for the language from the British Mandate and forcing individuals to switch their home languages to Hebrew. While Hebrew is indeed a strong, vital and powerful force in Israel today, a new movement is taking place today whereby the language repertoires of individuals are being expanded, the home languages of immigrants are maintained and used, and a new multilingual educational policy is being developed and implemented. Descriptions of these advocacy movements and their activist workings will be analyzed in the context of the history of the nation.