Kant and the Stoics about the Results of Human Agency
from Part II - Virtue and Eudaimonia
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 18 July 2025
Adam Smith ridicules the Stoics for neglecting the objects of virtuous choice. They think of life, he says, as a kind of game, the point of which is not winning but playing well, playing fairly and playing skillfully. The Stoics thus misrepresent what is at stake in our lives. This chapter discusses the difference between Kantian and Stoic ethics by focusing on questions raised by Smith’s analogy: Should the Stoics be troubled by his critique? Can the same criticism be leveled against Kantian ethics? How does the Kantian category of conditional goodness differ from the Stoic category of moral indifferents? And is Kant’s anti-eudaimonism – his insistence that virtue does not coincide with happiness – as significant a departure from Stoicism as he would have us believe?
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