Abbreviations

2Mt

two-metre temperature

ACIA

Arctic Climate Impact Assessment

AfDB

African Development Group Bank

AFID

Alternative Fuel Infrastructure Directive

AFP

Agence France-Presse

AGN

African Group of Negotiators on Climate Change

AHDR

Arctic Human Development Report

ALADI

Latin American Association for [Economic] Integration

ALALC

Free Trade Latin American Association

ALBA

Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of our America

AMAP

Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme

AMCEN

African Ministerial Conference on the Environment

AMOC

Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation

ANU

Australian National University

ASEAN

Association of Southeast Asian Nations

ASOC

Antarctic and Southern Ocean Coalition

AU

African Union

B&RCs

Belt and Road Countries

BCA

border carbon adjustment

BGB

Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch

BHR

business and human rights

BIICL

British Institute of International and Comparative Law

BIT

bilateral investment treaty

BP

British Petroleum

BRI

Belt and Road Initiative

CAHOSCC

Committee of African Heads of State and Government on Climate Change

CBAM

carbon border adjustment mechanism/measure

CBD

Convention on Biological Diversity

CDM

Clean Development Mechanism

CELAC

Community of Latin American and Caribbean States

CEPAL

United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean

CFA

Cooperative Framework Agreement

CH₄

methane

CNPC

China National Petroleum Company

CO₂

carbon dioxide

CO_2-e

carbon dioxide equivalent

CONEXO

consolidation, expansion and outreach

COP

Conference of the Parties

CPLC

Carbon Pricing Leadership Coalition

CSDDD

Directive on Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence

CSR

corporate social responsibility

CSRD

Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive

DARIO

Draft Articles on the Responsibility of International Organizations

DASR

Draft Articles on State Responsibility

DCFTA

Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area

DoP

Declaration of Principles

DRC

Democratic Republic of the Congo

EC

European Community

ECHR

European Convention on Human Rights

ECMWF

European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts

ECT

Energy Charter Treaty

ECtHR

European Court of Human Rights

EDGAR

Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research

EEZ

exclusive economic zone

EF

Environmental Footprint

EFRAG

European Financial Reporting Advisory Group

EFTA

European Free Trade Association

EHRs

environmental human rights

EIB

European Investment Bank

EPA

Environmental Protection Agency

ESI

Energy System Integration

ESMA

European Securities and Markets Authority

ETD

Energy Taxation Directive

ETS

Emission Trading System

EU

European Union

EUEB

European Union Ecolabelling Board

Euratom

European Atomic Energy Community

FAO

Food and Agriculture Organization

FAST

Food and Agriculture for Sustainable Transformation Initiative

FDI

foreign direct investment

FET

fair and equitable treatment

FTA

free trade agreement

G20

Group of 20

GATS

General Agreement on Trade in Services

GATT

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

GERD

Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam

GFC

Green Finance Committee

GIP

Green Investment Protocol

GIPs

Green Investment Principles

GIT

Green Investment Treaty

GSP

Generalized Scheme of Preferences

GW

gigawatts

HDGMP

Hydrogen and Decarbonized Gas Market Package

HLEG

High-Level Expert Group

HRC

Human Rights Council

HYRAP

high-yielding, resilient and adaptive practices

IACtHR

Inter-American Court of Human Rights

iCAN

Initiative on Climate Action and Nutrition

ICAP

International Carbon Action Partnership

ICCPR

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

ICESCR

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

ICJ

International Court of Justice

ICSID

International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes

IEA

International Energy Agency

IFPRI

International Food Policy Research Institute

ILC

International Law Commission

IMO

International Maritime Organization

IPCC

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

IPoE

International Panel of Experts

IRENA

International Renewable Energy Agency

ISDS

Investor–State Dispute Settlement

ISO

International Organization for Standardization

ITU

International Telecommunication Union

JWC

Joint Water Committee

LAC

Latin America and the Caribbean

LCOE

levelized cost of energy

LNG

liquefied natural gas

LSE

London School of Economics

LULUCF

land use, land use change and forestry

MARPOL

International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships

MENA

Middle East and North Africa

MERCOSUR

Southern Common Market

MFN

most favoured nation

MIT

multilateral investment treaty

MNE

multinational enterprise

MorSEFF

Morocco Sustainable Energy Financing Facility

Mt

megatonne

MTEICCMA

Multilateral Treaty for the Encouragement of Investment in Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation

MWh

megawatt hour

N₂O

nitrous oxide

NBI

Nile Basin Initiative

NDC

nationally determined contribution

NFRD

Non-Financial Reporting Directive

NGEU

Next Generation EU

NGO

non-governmental organisation

NOAA

United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

NT

national treatment

ODA

national official development assistance

OECD

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development

OHCHR

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights

PCL

Private Climate Litigation

PEEREA

Protocol on Energy Efficiency and Related Environmental Aspects

PEF

product environmental footprint

PFCs

perfluorocarbons

PPA

power purchase agreement

ppb

parts per billion

ppm

parts per million

PRC

People’s Republic of China

PRI

Principles for Responsible Investment

PROSUR

Forum for the Progress and Integration of South America

PSF

Platform on Sustainable Finance

PV

solar photovoltaic

RBC

responsible business conduct

RED

Renewable Energy Directive

REST

Retail Employees Superannuation Trust

SCAR

Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research

SCC

Stockholm Chamber of Commerce

SELA

Latin American and Caribbean Economic System

SFDR

Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation

SPM

Summary for Policy Makers

SST

sea-surface temperature

TEG

Technical Expert Group

TEU

Treaty on European Union

TFEU

Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union

TNI

Transnational Institute

TPA

Third-Party Access

TSD

trade and sustainable development

TSICCMA

Model Treaty for Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation

TWh

terawatt hours

UN

United Nations

UNASUR

South American Nations Union

UNCED

United Nations Conference on Environment and Development

UNCITRAL

United Nations Commission on International Trade Law

UNCLOS

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

UNCRC

United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child

UNDP

United Nations Development Programme

UNEP

United Nations Environment Program

UNFCCC

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

UNGP

United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights

UNWG

United Nations Women’s Guild

Urban-LEDS

Urban Low-Emission Development Strategies

U.S. EPA

United States Environmental Protection Agency

USSR

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

VAT

value-added tax

VCLT

Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties

VCLTIO

Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties between States and International Organizations or between International Organizations

WTO

World Trade Organization

WYCJ

World’s Youth for Climate Justice