This chapter revisits Charles Tilly’s bellicist theory of state-building, arguing that while war is a focal point, a broader array of external factors plays a crucial role in shaping developmental paths. It emphasizes the importance of hierarchical relationships within the international system in understanding state-building processes. The chapter examines foreign-imposed state-building and argues that the effectiveness of external state-building efforts depends on the goals and authority of external actors. It concludes that incorporating hierarchy is essential for a comprehensive explanation of state-building.