This chapter provides an in-depth analysis of the hagiographical landscape of Cyprus, focusing on the prevalence of bishop saints during late antiquity (fourth to seventh centuries). The discussion underscores the island’s unique ecclesiastical identity, emphasising the influential role of bishops in taking a leading role in society and in shaping the religious identity of the island. The autonomy, highlighted by its autocephalous status, that the Church of Cyprus came to enjoy as early as the fifth century is examined in detail. The chapter addresses challenges in literary analysis, in dating hagiographical texts, and in navigating the intricacies of Byzantine hagiography within the context of Cyprus. It investigates which authors and texts a discussion of the hagiography of Byzantine Cyprus should touch upon, examining the criteria for classifying texts as part of this literature. Various categories of texts are considered, including those by native Cypriot authors, translations, rewritings, and works set in different geographical locations. The chapter emphasises the significance of comprehending these texts beyond historical documentation, recognising them as literary expressions of faith and tradition.