In the cases at the heart of this book, the power struggles around grievance claims are central, not peripheral, to whether and how NJMs can contribute to redress. To account for this, in Chapter 4 we build a distinctive conceptual approach: a ‘fields of struggle’ lens to capture the way transformative agendas are heavily dependent on wider processes of economic, social and political struggle. This lens draws from sociological scholarship on fields together with work by political economists and economic sociologists that highlight the centrality of power inequalities to regulatory outcomes. Our concept is further strengthened by recognising the specific forms of business, state and civil society power and agency available within each field. A field-of-struggle lens brings to light how these varying kinds of power are drawn into regulatory struggles and the ways the socially embedded interests of participants in regulatory processes shape how such power is harnessed strategically within struggles over grievance and to what end.