Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-54dcc4c588-b5cpw Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-10-01T05:57:25.888Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Part IV - Differential Susceptibility to Environmental Influences

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 September 2025

Satoshi Kanazawa
Affiliation:
London School of Economics and Political Science
Get access

Information

Type
Chapter
Information
Genes, Environments, and Differential Susceptibility
Current Topics in Evolutionary Developmental Psychology
, pp. 193 - 250
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2025

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Book purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

References

Aron, E.N., & Aron, A. (1997). Sensory-processing sensitivity and its relation to introversion and emotionality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 345368.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Assary, E., Coleman, J., Hemani, G., Veijer, M. V., Howe, L., Palviainen, T., Grasby, K., Ahlskog, R., Nygaard, M., Cheesman, R., Lim, K., Reynolds, C., Ordoñana, J., Colodro-Conde, L., Gordon, S., Madrid-Valero, J., Thalamuthu, A., Hottenga, J. J., Mengel-From, J., Armstrong, N. J., … Keers, R. (2024). Genetics of environmental sensitivity to psychiatric and neurodevelopmental phenotypes: Evidence from GWAS of monozygotic twins. Research Square, rs.3.rs-4333635. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4333635/v1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & Van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2006). Gene-environment interaction of the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) and observed maternal insensitivity predicting externalizing behavior in preschoolers. Developmental Psychobiology, 48, 406409. https://doi.org/10.1002/dev.20152CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & Van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2007). Genetic vulnerability or differential susceptibility in child development: The case of attachment. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48, 11601173. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01801.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & Van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2015). The hidden efficacy of interventions: Gene x environment experiments from a differential susceptibility perspective. Annual Review of Psychology, 66, 381409. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010814-015407CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Belsky, J. (1997a). Variation in susceptibility to rearing influences: An evolutionary argument. Psychological Inquiry, 8, 182186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Belsky, J. (1997b). Theory testing, effect-size evaluation, and differential susceptibility to rearing influence: The case of mothering and attachment. Child Development, 68, 598600.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Belsky, J. (2000). Conditional and alternative reproductive strategies: Individual differences in susceptibility to rearing experience. In Rodgers, J., Rowe, D., & Miller, W. (Eds.), Genetic influences on human fertility and sexuality: Theoretical and empirical contributions from the biological and behavioral sciences (pp. 127146). Kluwer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Belsky, J. (2005). Differential susceptibility to rearing influences: An evolutionary hypothesis and some evidence. In Ellis, B. & Bjorklund, D. (Eds.), Origins of the social mind: Evolutionary psychology and child development (pp. 139163). Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Belsky, J., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & Van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2007). For better and for worse: Differential susceptibility to environmental influences. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16, 300304. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00525.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Belsky, J., & Beaver, K. M. (2011). Cumulative-genetic plasticity, parenting and adolescent self-regulation. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52(5), 619626. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02327.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Belsky, J., Hsieh, K. H., & Crnic, K. (1998). Mothering, fathering, and infant negativity as antecedents of boys’ externalizing problems and inhibition at age 3 years: Differential susceptibility to rearing experience? Development and psychopathology, 10(2), 301319. https://doi.org/10.1017/s095457949800162xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Belsky, J., Zhang, X., & Sayler, K. (2022). Differential Susceptibility 2.0: Are the same children affected by different experiences and exposures? Development & Psychopathology, 34, 10251033.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boyce, W.Th. (2019). The orchid and the dandelion: Why some children struggle and how all can thrive. Alfred A. Knopf.Google Scholar
Boyce, W. T., Chesney, M., Alkon, A., Tschann, J. M., Adams, S., Chester- man, B., et al. (1995). Psychobiologic reactivity to stress and childhood respiratory illnesses: Results of two prospective studies. Psychosomatic Medicine, 57, 411422.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boyce, W. T., & Ellis, B. J. (2005). Biological sensitivity to context: I. An evolutionary–developmental theory of the origins and functions of stress reactivity. Development and Psychopathology, 17, 271301.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Caspi, A, Sugden, K, Moffitt, TE, Taylor, A, Craig, IW, et al. (2003). Influence of life stress on depression: Moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene. Science, 301, 386389.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chhangur, R. R., Weeland, J., Overbeek, G., Matthys, W., Orobio de Castro, B., van der Giessen, D., Belsky, J. (2017). Genetic moderation of intervention efficacy: dopaminergic genes, the Incredible Years, and externalizing behavior in children. Child Development, 88, 796811. https://doi-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/10.1111/cdev.12612CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chen, Y. C., Fan, H. Y., Yang, C., Hsieh, R. H., Pan, W. H., & Lee, Y. L. (2019). Assessing causality between childhood adiposity and early puberty: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization and longitudinal study. Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental, 100, 153961. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2019.153961CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crone, E. Achterberg, M., …Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & Van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2020). Neural and behavioral signatures of social evaluation and adaptation in childhood and adolescence: The Leiden consortium on individual development (L-CID). Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 45, 100805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100805CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cyr, C., Euser, E. M., Bakermans–Kranenburg, M. J. & Van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2010). Attachment security and disorganization in maltreating and high-risk families: A series of meta-analyses. Development and Psychopathology, 22, 87108. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579409990289CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Duncan, L. E., & Keller, M. C. (2011). A critical review of the first 10 years of candidate gene-by-environment interaction research in psychiatry. American Journal of Psychiatry, 168, 10411049.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ellis, B. J., Boyce, W. T., Belsky, J., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & Van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2011). Differential susceptibility to the environment: a neurodevelopmental theory. Development and Psychopathology, 23, 728. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579410000611CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Euser, S., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Van den Bulk, B. G., Linting, M., Damsteegt, R.CVan IJzendoorn, M. H. (2016). Efficacy of the video-feedback intervention to promote positive parenting and sensitive discipline in twin families (VIPP-Twins): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychology, 4(33), 111. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-016-0139-yCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frankenhuis, W. E., Panchanathan, K., & Belsky, J. (2016). A mathematical model of the evolution of individual differences in developmental plasticity arising through parental bet-hedging. Developmental Science, 19, 251274.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Geary, D. C., & Flinn, M. V. (2001). Evolution of human parental behavior and the human family. Parenting, 1(1), 561.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gervai, J., Novak, A., Lakatos, K., Toth, I., Danis, I., Ronai, Z., Nemoda, Z., Sasvari-Szekely, M., Bureau, J. F., Bronfman, E., & Lyons-Ruth, K. (2007). Infant genotype may moderate sensitivity to maternal affective communications: attachment disorganization, quality of care, and the DRD4 polymorphism. Social Neuroscience, 2(3–4), 307319. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470910701391893CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gilissen, R., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Van IJzendoorn, M. H. & Van der Veer, R. (2008). Parent-child relationship, temperament, and physiological reactions to fear-inducing film clips: Further evidence for differential susceptibility. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 99, 182195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2007.06.004CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gottesman, I. I., & Shields, J. (1967). A polygenic theory of schizophrenia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 58, 199205. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.58.1.199CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hartman, S., Freeman, S. M., Bales, K. L., & Belsky, J. (2018). Prenatal Stress as a Risk – and an Opportunity – Factor. Psychological Science, 29(4), 572580. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797617739983CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hinde, R., & Stevenson-Hinde, J. (1990). Attachment: Biological, cultural and individual desiderata. Human Development, 33, 6272. https://doi.org/10.1159/000276503CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Juffer, F., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. & Van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2017). Pairing attachment theory and social learning theory in video-feedback intervention to promote positive parenting. Current Opinion in Psychology, 15, 189194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.03.012CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Karg, K., Burmeister, M., Shedden, K., & Sen, S. (2011). The serotonin transporterpromoter variant (5-HTTLPR), stress, and depression meta-analysis revisited: Evidence of genetic moderation. Archives in General Psychiatry, 68, 444454.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Keers, R., Coleman, J. R., Lester, K. J., Roberts, S., Breen, G., Thastum, M., Bögels, S., Schneider, S., Heiervang, E., Meiser-Stedman, R., Nauta, M., Creswell, C., Thirlwall, K., Rapee, R. M., Hudson, J. L., Lewis, C., Plomin, R., & Eley, T. C. (2016). A genome-wide test of the differential susceptibility hypothesis reveals a genetic predictor of differential response to psychological treatments for child anxiety disorders. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 85(3), 146158. https://doi.org/10.1159/000444023CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Klein Velderman, M., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Juffer, F., & Van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2006). Effects of attachment-based interventions on maternal sensitivity and infant attachment: Differential susceptibility of highly reactive infants. Journal of Family Psychology, 20, 266274. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.20.2.266CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Knop, J., Joels, M., & Van der Veen, R. (2017). The added value of rodent models in studying parental influence on offspring development: Opportunities, limitations and future perspectives. Current Opinion in Psychology, 15, 174181.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Knop, J., Van IJzendoorn, M. H., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Joels, M., & Van der Veen, R. (2019). The effects of different rearing conditions on sexual maturation and maternal care in heterozygous mineralocorticoid receptor knockout mice. Hormones and Behavior, 112, 5464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2019.04.001CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Knop, J., Van IJzendoorn, M. H., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Joëls, M., & Van der Veen, R. (2020). Maternal care of heterozygous dopamine receptor D4 knockout mice: Differential susceptibility to early-life rearing conditions. Genes, Brain and Behavior, 19: e12655. https://doi.org/10.1111/gbb.12655CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kok, R., Luijk, M. P. C. M., Lucassen, N. et al. (2022) The role of supportive parenting and stress reactivity in the development of self-regulation in early childhood. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 31, 24242435. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-022-02360-8CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kong, A., Thorleifsson, G., Frigge, M. L., Vilhjalmsson, B. J., Young, A. I., Thorgeirsson, T. E., Benonisdottir, S., Oddsson, A., Halldorsson, B. V., Masson, G., Gudbjartsson, D. F., Helgason, A., Bjornsdottir, G., Thorsteinsdottir, U., & Stefansson, K. (2018). The nature of nurture: Effects of parental genotypes. Science, 359(6374), 424428. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aan6877CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lakatos, K., Toth, I., Nemoda, Z., Ney, K., Sasvari-Szekely, M., & Gervai, J. (2000). Dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene polymorphism is associated with attachment disorganization in infants. Molecular Psychiatry, 5(6), 633637. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.mp.4000773CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Main, M. (1990). Cross-cultural studies of attachment organization: Recent studies, changing methodologies, and the concept of conditional strategies. Human Development, 33, 4861. https://doi.org/10.1159/000276502CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McClleland, G. H., & Judd, C. M. (1993). Statistical difficulties of detecting interactions and moderator effects. Psychological Bulletin, 114(2), 376390. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.114.2.376CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Min, J. L., Hemani, G., Hannon, E., Dekkers, K. F., Castillo-Fernandez, J., Luijk, R., Carnero-Montoro, E., Lawson, D. J., Burrows, K., Suderman, M., Bretherick, A. D., Richardson, T. G., Klughammer, J., Iotchkova, V., Sharp, G., Al Khleifat, A., Shatunov, A., Iacoangeli, A., McArdle, W. L., Ho, K. M., … Relton, C. L. (2021). Genomic and phenotypic insights from an atlas of genetic effects on DNA methylation. Nature Genetics, 53(9), 13111321. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-021-00923-xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Monroe, S. M., & Simons, A. D. (1991). Diathesis-stress theories in the context of life stress research: Implications for the depressive disorders. Psychological Bulletin, 110(3), 406425. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.110.3.406CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nagel, M., Speed, D., Sluis, S., & Østergaard, S. D. (2020). Genome-wide association study of the sensitivity to environmental stress and adversity neuroticism cluster. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 141, 476478.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Obradovic, J., Portilla, X. A., & Ballard, P. J. (2016). Biological sensitivity to family income: Differential effects on early executive functioning. Child Development, 87, 374384. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12475.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pappa, I., Mileva-Seitz, V. R., Szekely, E, Verhulst, F. C., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Jaddoe, V. W. V., Hofman, A., Tiemeier, H. & Van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2014). DRD4 VNTRs, observed stranger fear in preschoolers and later ADHD symptoms. Psychiatry Research, 220, 982986.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Plomin, R., & Bergeman, C. (1991). The nature of nurture: Genetic influence on “environmental” measures. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 14(3), 373386. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00070278CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pollak, S. D., Messner, M., Kistler, D. J., & Cohn, J. F. (2009). Development of perceptual expertise in emotion recognition. Cognition, 110, 242247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2008.10.010CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rice, C. J., Sandman, C. A., Lenjavi, M. R., & Baram, T. Z. (2008). A novel mouse model for acute and long-lasting consequences of early life stress. Endocrinology, 149(10), 48924900.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Runze, J., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Cecil, C. A. M., Van IJzendoorn, M. H., Pappa, I. (2023). The polygenic and reactive nature of observed parenting. Genes, Brain, and Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1111/gbb.12874CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Runze, J., Pappa, I., Van IJzendoorn, M. H., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. (2022). Conduct problems and hair cortisol concentrations decrease in school-aged children after VIPP-SD: A randomized controlled trial in two twin cohorts. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19, 15026. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215026CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Runze, J. & Van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2023). Response bias is genetically biased: Another argument for Kagan’s philippic against questionnaires in developmental psychology. Developmental Psychology, 60(11), 20082015. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0001614CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rutter, M. (2006). Genes and behavior. Nature-nurture interplay explained. BlackwellGoogle Scholar
Rutter, M. (2010). Gene-environment interplay. Depression & Anxiety, 27, 14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sameroff, A. J. (1983). Developmental systems: Contexts and evolution. In Mussen, P. (Ed.), Handbook of child psychology (pp. 237294). Wiley.Google Scholar
Schuengel, C., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & Van IJzendoorn, M. H. (1999). Frightening maternal behavior linking unresolved loss and disorganized infant attachment. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, 5463. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.67.1.54CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Silventoinen, K., Jelenkovic, A., Latvala, A., Yokoyama, Y., Sund, R., Sugawara, M., Tanaka, M., Matsumoto, S., Aaltonen, S., Piirtola, M., Freitas, D. L., Maia, J. A., Öncel, S. Y., Aliev, F., Ji, F., Ning, F., Pang, Z., Rebato, E., Saudino, K. J., … Kaprio, J. (2019). Parental education and genetics of BMI from infancy to old age: A pooled analysis of 29 twin cohorts. Obesity, 27(5), 855865. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.22451CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slagt, M., Dubas, J. S., van Aken, M. A., Ellis, B. J., & Deković, M. (2017). Children’s differential susceptibility to parenting: An experimental test of “for better and for worse.” Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 154, 7897. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2016.10.004CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Slagt, M., Dubas, J. S., Deković, M., & van Aken, M. A. G. (2016). Differences in sensitivity to parenting depending on child temperament: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 142(10), 10681110. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000061CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Suomi, S. J. (1999). Attachment in rhesus monkeys. In Cassidy, J. & Shaver, P. R. (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications (pp. 181197). Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Van der Kooy-Hofland, V. A. C., van der Kooy, J., Bus, A. G., Van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Bonsel, G. J. (2012). Differential susceptibility to early literacy intervention in children with mild perinatal adversities: Short- and long-term effects of a randomized control trial. Journal of Educational Psychology, 104, 337349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0026984CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. (2006). DRD4 7-repeat polymorphism moderates the association between maternal unresolved loss or trauma and infant disorganization. Attachment & Human Development, 8, 291307. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616730601048159CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van IJzendoorn, M. H. & Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. (2012). Differential susceptibility experiments: Going beyond correlational evidence: Comment on beyond mental health, differential susceptibility articles. Developmental Psychology, 48, 769774.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van IJzendoorn, M. H. & Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. (2024). Matters of Significance. Replication, translation, and academic freedom in developmental science. UCL Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van IJzendoorn, M. H., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Belsky, J., Beach, S., Brody, G., Dodge, K. A., Greenberg, M., Posner, M., & Scott, S. (2011) Gene-by-environment experiments: A new approach to finding the missing heritability. Nature Reviews Genetics 12, 881, https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg2764-c1CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van IJzendoorn, M. H., Schuengel, C., Wang, Q. & Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. (2023). Improving parenting, child attachment and externalizing behaviors: Meta-analysis of the first 25 randomized controlled trials on the effects of video-feedback intervention to promote positive parenting and sensitive discipline. Development & Psychopathology, 17, 116. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579421001462Google Scholar
Van Schaik, C. P. (2013). The costs and benefits of flexibility as an expression of behavioural plasticity: a primate perspective. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, 368(1618), 20120339. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0339CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Verhoeven, K. J. F., Jansen, J. J., van Dijk, P. J., & Biere, A. (2010). Stress-induced DNA methylation changes and their heritability in asexual dandelions New Phytologist, 185, 11081118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03121.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wertz, J., Belsky, J., Moffitt, T. E., Belsky, D. W., Harrington, H., Avinun, R., Poulton, R., Ramrakha, S., & Caspi, A. (2019). Genetics of nurture: A test of the hypothesis that parents’ genetics predict their observed caregiving. Developmental Psychology, 55(7), 14611472. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000709CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Windhorst, D. A., Mileva-Seitz, V. R., Linting, M., Hofman, A., Jaddoe, V. W. V., Verhulst, F. C., … Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. (2015). Differential susceptibility in a developmental perspective: DRD4 and maternal sensitivity predicting externalizing behavior. Developmental Psychobiology, 57(1), 3549. https://doi.org/10.1002/dev.21257.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zuckerman, M. (1999). Vulnerability to psychopathology: A biosocial model. American Psychological Association.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

References

Aber, J. L., & Cicchetti, D. (1984). Socioemotional development in maltreated children: An empirical and theoretical analysis. In Fitzgerald, H. E., Lester, B., & Yogman, M. (Eds), Theory and research in behavioral pediatrics (Vol. 2, pp. 147205). Plenum Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnett, D., Manly, J. T., & Cicchetti, D. (1993). Defining child maltreatment: The interface between policy and research. In Cicchetti, D. & Toth, S. L. (Eds), Child abuse, child development, and social policy (pp. 773). Ablex.Google Scholar
Belsky, J. (1980). Child maltreatment: An ecological integration. American Psychologist, 35, 320335.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Belsky, J. (1984). The determinants of parenting: A process model. Child Development, 55, 8396.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Belsky, J., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2007). For better and for worse: Differential susceptibility to environmental influences. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16(6), 300304. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20183224CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Belsky, J., & Pluess, M. (2009). Beyond diathesis stress: Differential susceptibility to environmental influences. Psychological Bulletin, 135(6), 885908. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017376CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Belsky, J., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2015). What works for whom? Genetic moderation of intervention efficacy. Development and Psychopathology, 27(1), 16. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579414001254CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Belsky, J., & Vondra, J. (1989). Lessons from child abuse: The determinants of parenting. In Cicchetti, D. & Carlson, V. (Eds), Child maltreatment: Theory and research on the causes and consequences of child abuse and neglect (pp. 153202). Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boyce, W. T., & Ellis, B. J. (2005). Biological sensitivity to context: I. An evolutionary-developmental theory of the origins and functions of stress reactivity. Development and Psychopathology, 17(2), 271301. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954579405050145CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cerulli, C., Cicchetti, D., Handley, E., Manly, J., Rogosch, F., & Toth, S. (2021). Transforming the paradigm of child welfare. Development and Psychopathology. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579420002138CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Charney, D. (2004). Psychobiological mechanisms of resilience and vulnerability: implications for successful adaptation to extreme stress. American Journal of Psychiatry, 161, 195216.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chomsky, N. (1968). Language and mind. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.Google Scholar
Cicchetti, D. (1989). How research on child maltreatment has informed the study of child development: Perspectives from developmental psychopathology. In Cicchetti, D. & Carlson, V. (Eds), Child maltreatment: Theory and research on the causes and consequences of child abuse and neglect (pp. 377431). Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cicchetti, D. (1996). Child maltreatment: Implications for developmental theory. Human Development, 39, 1839. https://doi.org/10.1159/000278377CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cicchetti, D. (2010). Resilience under conditions of extreme stress: a multilevel perspective. World Psychiatry, 9(3), 145154. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2051-5545.2010.tb00297.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cicchetti, D. (Ed) (2017). Biological and behavioral effects of early adversity on multiple levels of development [Special Issue]. Development and Psychopathology, 29(5), 15171986.Google Scholar
Cicchetti, D. & Bendezú, J. J. (2023). Childhood adversity and the development of coping. In Skinner, Ellen and Zimmer-Gembeck’s, Melanie (Eds), The Cambridge Handbook of the Development of Coping. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, pp. 246275.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cicchetti, D., & Curtis, W. J. (2007). Multilevel perspectives on pathways to resilient functioning. Development and Psychopathology, 19(3), 627629. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954579407000314CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cicchetti, D., & Garmezy, N. (1993). Prospects and promises in the study of resilience. Development and Psychopathology, 5(4), 497502. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579400006118CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cicchetti, D., & Gunnar, M. R. (2008). Integrating biological measures into the design and evaluation of preventive interventions. Development and Psychopathology, 20(3), 737743. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579408000357CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cicchetti, D., & Lynch, M. (1993). Toward an ecological/transactional model of community violence and child maltreatment: Consequences for children’s development. Psychiatry, 56(1), 96118. https://doi.org/10.1080/00332747.1993.11024624CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cicchetti, D., & Lynch, M. (1995). Failures in the expectable environment and their impact on individual development: The case of child maltreatment. In Cicchetti, D. & Cohen, D. J. (Eds), Developmental psychopathology: Risk, disorder, and adaptation (Vol. 2, pp. 3271). New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Cicchetti, D., & Rogosch, F. A. (1996). Equifinality and multifinality in developmental psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology, 8, 597600.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cicchetti, D., & Rogosch, F. A. (1997). The role of self-organization in the promotion of resilience in maltreated children. Development and Psychopathology, 9(4), 797815. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954579497001442CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cicchetti, D., & Rogosch, F. A. (2007). Personality, adrenal steroid hormones, and resilience in maltreated children: A multi-level perspective. Development and Psychopathology, 19(3), 787809. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579407000399CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cicchetti, D., & Rogosch, F. A. (2012). Gene x environment interaction and resilience: effects of child maltreatment and serotonin, corticotropin releasing hormone, dopamine, and oxytocin genes. Development and Psychopathology, 24(2), 411427. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579412000077CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cicchetti, D., Rogosch, F. A., Gunnar, M. R., & Toth, S. L. (2010). The differential impacts of early abuse on internalizing problems and diurnal cortisol activity in school-aged children. Child Development, 81(1), 252269. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01393.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cicchetti, D., & Toth, S. L. (2015). Child Maltreatment. In Lamb, M. (Ed), Handbook of child psychology and developmental science, 7th ed., Vol. 3: Socioemotional process. (pp. 513–63). Wiley.Google Scholar
Cicchetti, D., & Toth, S. L. (2016). Child maltreatment and developmental psychopathology: A multilevel perspective. In Cicchetti, D. (Ed), Developmental Psychopathology, 3rd ed. (Vol. 3, Maladaptation and Psychopathology) (pp. 457512). Wiley.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cicchetti, D., & Tucker, D. (1994). Development and self-regulatory structures of the mind. Development and Psychopathology, 6, 533549.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Curtis, W. J., & Cicchetti, D. (2003). Moving research on resilience into the 21st century: Theoretical and methodological considerations in examining the biological contributors to resilience. Development and Psychopathology, 15(3), 773810. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954579403000373CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Danese, A., Moffitt, T. E., Pariante, C. M., Ambler, A., Poulton, R., & Caspi, A. (2008). Elevated inflammation levels in depressed adults with a history of childhood maltreatment. Archives of General Psychiatry, 65(4), 409415. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.65.4.409CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Demers, L. A., Handley, E. D., Hunt, R. H., Rogosch, F. A., Toth, S. L., Thomas, K. M., & Cicchetti, D. (2019). Childhood maltreatment disrupts brain-mediated pathways between adolescent maternal relationship quality and positive adult outcomes. Child maltreatment, 24(4), 424434. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559519847770CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Egeland, B., Carlson, E. A., & Sroufe, L. A. (1993). Resilience as process. Development and Psychopathology, 5, 517528.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ehrlich, K. B., Miller, G. E., Rogosch, F. A., & Cicchetti, D. (2020). Maltreatment exposure across childhood and low-grade inflammation: Considerations of cumulative exposure, timing, and sex differences. Developmental Psychobiology, 63(3), 529537. https://doi.org/10.1002/dev.22031CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellis, B. J., Abrams, L. S., Masten, A. S., Sternberg, R. J., Tottenham, N., & Frankenhuis, W. E. (2022). Hidden talents in harsh environments. Development and psychopathology, 34(1), 95113. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579420000887CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ellis, B. J., Boyce, W. T., Belsky, J., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & van Ijzendoorn, M. H. (2011). Differential susceptibility to the environment: an evolutionary-neurodevelopmental theory. Development and Psychopathology 23(1), 728. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579410000611CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feder, A., Nestler, E. J., & Charney, D. S. (2009). Psychobiology and molecular genetics of resilience. Nature reviews. Neuroscience, 10(6), 446457. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2649CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Garmezy, N. (1974). The study of competence in children at risk for severe psychopathology. In Anthony, E. J. & Koupernik, C. (Eds), The child in his family: Vol. 3. Children at psychiatric risk (pp. 7797). Wiley.Google Scholar
Gottesman, I. I., & Gould, T. D. (2003). The endophenotype concept in psychiatry: Etymology and strategic intentions. The American journal of psychiatry, 160(4), 636645. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.160.4.636CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gottlieb, G. (1991). Experiential canalization of behavioral development: Theory. Developmental Psychology, 27, 413.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gottlieb, G. (1992). Individual development and evolution: The genesis of novel behavior. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Gottlieb, G. (2007). Probabilistic epigenesis. Development Science, 10(1), 111. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2007.00556.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Greenough, W., Black, J., & Wallace, C. (1987). Experience and brain development. Child Development, 58, 539559.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gunnar, M. R., Tottenham, N., & Cicchetti, D. (Eds) (2020). Early adversity, stress, and neurobehavioral development. [Special Issue] Development and Psychopathology, 32(5), 15551953.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Handley, E. D., Rogosch, F. A., Duprey, E. B., Russotti, J., & Cicchetti, D. (2023). Profiles of diurnal cortisol and DHEA regulation among children: Associations with maltreatment experiences, symptomatology, and positive adaptation. Development and psychopathology, 35(4), 16141626. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579422000335CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hann, D., Huffman, L., Lederhendler, I., & Meinecke, D. (Eds). (1998). Advancing research on development plasticity: Integrating the behavioral science and neuroscience of mental health. National Institute of Mental Health.Google Scholar
Howes, P. W., & Cicchetti, D. (1993). A family/relational perspective on maltreating families: Parallel processes across systems and social policy implications. In Cicchetti, D. & Toth, S. L. (Eds), Child abuse, child development, and social policy (pp. 249300). Ablex.Google Scholar
Ioannidis, K., Askelund, A. D., Kievit, R. A., & van Harmelen, A. L. (2020). The complex neurobiology of resilient functioning after childhood maltreatment. BMC Medicine, 18(1), 32. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-020-1490-7CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jacobs, B. L., van Praag, H., & Gage, F.H. (2000). Adult brain neurogenesis and psychiatry: A novel theory of depression. Molecular Psychiatry, 5, 262269.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Juster, R. P., Bizik, G., Picard, M., Arsenault-Lapierre, G., Sindi, S., Trepanier, L., Marin, M. F., Wan, N., Sekerovic, Z., Lord, C., Fiocco, A. J., Plusquellec, P., McEwen, B. S., & Lupien, S. J. (2011). A transdisciplinary perspective of chronic stress in relation to psychopathology throughout life span development. Development and Psychopathology, 23(3), 725776. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579411000289CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kandel, E. R., & Squire, L. (2000). Neuroscience: Breaking down scientific barriers to the study of brain and mind. Science, 290, 11131120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lenneberg, E. (1967). Biological foundations of language. Wiley.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lupien, S. J., McEwen, B. S., Gunnar, M. R., & Heim, C. (2009). Effects of stress throughout the lifespan on the brain, behaviour and cognition. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience, 10(6), 434445. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2639CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Luthar, S. S. (2006). Resilience in development: A synthesis of research across five decades. In Cicchetti, D. & Cohen, D. (Eds), Developmental Psychopathology (2nd ed.), Vol. 3: Risk, Disorder, and Adaptation (pp. 739795). Wiley.Google Scholar
Luthar, S. S., & Cicchetti, D. (2000). The construct of resilience: Implications for intervention and social policy. Development and Psychopathology, 12, 857885.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luthar, S. S., Cicchetti, D., & Becker, B. (2000). The construct of resilience: A critical evaluation and guidelines for future work. Child Development, 71, 543562. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00164CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mascolo, M. F., Pollack, R. D., & Fischer, K. W. (1997). Keeping the constructor in development: An epigenetic systems approach. Journal of Constructivist Psychology, 10(1), 2549. https://doi.org/10.1080/10720539708404610CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Masten, A. S. (2001). Ordinary magic. Resilience processes in development. American Psychologist, 56(3), 227238. https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066x.56.3.227CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Masten, A. S. (2014). Global perspectives on resilience in children and youth. Child Development, 85(1), 620. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12205CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Masten, A. S., Best, K., & Garmezy, N. (1990). Resilience and development: Contributions from the study of children who overcome adversity. Development and Psychopathology, 2, 425444.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Masten, A. S., & Cicchetti, D. (2010). Developmental cascades. Development and Psychopathology, 22(3), 491495. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579410000222CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Masten, A. S. & Cicchetti, D. (2016). Resilience in development: Progress and transformation. In Cicchetti, D. (Ed), Developmental Psychopathology (Vol. 4, Risk, Resilience, and Intervention, 3rd ed.) (pp. 271333). Wiley.Google Scholar
Masten, A. S., Tyrell, F., & Cicchetti, D. (Eds) (2023) [Special Issue]. Minnesota symposium on child psychology. Resilience in development: Pathways to multisystem integration. Development and Psychopathology. 35(5), 21032112. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579423001293CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McEwen, B. S., & Stellar, E. (1993). Stress and the individual mechanisms leading to disease. Archives of Internal Medicine, 153, 20932101.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McLaughlin, K. A., Ellis, B. J., & Cicchetti, D. (Eds). (2022). Dimensions of early experience and adaptive and maladaptive development. [Special Issue]. Development and Psychopathology, 34(5). 447754.Google Scholar
Miller, G. E., Chen, E., & Parker, K. J. (2011). Psychological stress in childhood and susceptibility to the chronic diseases of aging: Moving toward a model of behavioral and biological mechanisms. Psychological Bulletin, 137(6), 959997. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024768CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moffitt, T. E., Caspi, A., & Rutter, M. (2006). Measured gene-environment interactions in psychopathology: Concepts, research strategies, and implications for research, intervention, and public understanding of genetics. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 1(1), 527. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6916.2006.00002.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rogosch, F. A., Cicchetti, D., Shields, A., & Toth, S. L. (1995). Parenting dysfunction in child maltreatment. In Bornstein, M. H. (Ed), Handbook of parenting (Vol. 4, pp. 127159). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Rutter, M. (2012). Resilience as a dynamic concept. Development and Psychopathology, 24(2), 335344. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579412000028CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sameroff, A. J., & Chandler, M. J. (1975). Reproductive risk and the continuum of caretaking casualty. In Horowitz, F. D. (Ed), Review of child development research (Vol. 4, pp. 187244). University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Scarr, S. (1992). Developmental theories for the 1990s: Development and individual differences. Child Development, 63, 119. https://doi.org/10.2307/1130897CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Scarr, S. (1993). Biological and cultural diversity: The legacy of Darwin for development. Child Development, 64, 13331353. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1993.tb02956.xScarrCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Scarr, S., & McCartney, K. (1983). How people make their own environments: A theory of genotype-environment effects. Child Development, 54, 424435.Google Scholar
Sroufe, L. A. (1979). The coherence of individual development: Early care, attachment, and subsequent developmental issues. American Psychologist, 34, 834841.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Teicher, M. H., Samson, J. A., Anderson, C. M., & Ohashi, K. (2016). The effects of childhood maltreatment on brain structure, function and connectivity. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 17, 652666. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn.2016.111CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thatcher, R. W. (1992). Cyclic cortical reorganization during early childhood. Brain and Cognition, 20, 2450.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thatcher, R. W. (1994). Psychopathology of early frontal lobe damage: Dependence on cycles of development. Development and Psychopathology, 6, 565596.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thatcher, R. W. (1997). Human frontal lobe development: A theory of cyclical cortical reorganization. In Krasnegor, N., Lyon, G. R., & Rakic, P. S. G. (Eds), Development of the prefrontal cortex: Evolution, neurobiology, and behavior (pp. 85113). Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co.Google Scholar
Vachon, D. D., Krueger, R. F., Rogosch, F. A., & Cicchetti, D. (2015). Assessment of the harmful psychiatric and behavioral effects of different forms of child maltreatment. JAMA Psychiatry, 72(11), 11351142. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.1792CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Waddington, C. H. (1942). Canalization of development and the inheritance of acquired characters. Nature, 150, 563564. https://doi.org/10.1038/150563a0CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waddington, C. H. (1957). The strategy of genes. Allen & Unwin.Google Scholar

References

Andrews, D. A., Zinger, I., Hoge, R. D., Bonta, J., Gendreau, P., & Cullen, F. T. (1990). Does correctional treatment work? A clinically relevant and psychologically informed meta-analysis. Criminology, 28, 369404.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2007). Research review: Genetic vulnerability or differential susceptibility in child development: The case of attachment. The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48, 11601173.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & van Ijzendoorn, M. H. (2015). The hidden efficacy of interventions: Gene x environment experiments from a differential susceptibility perspective. Annual Review of Psychology, 66, 381409.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., van IJzendoorn, M. H., Pijlman, F. T., Mesman, J., & Juffer, F. (2008a). Experimental evidence for differential susceptibility: dopamine D4 receptor polymorphism (DRD4 VNTR) moderates intervention effects on toddlers’ externalizing behavior in a randomized controlled trial. Developmental Psychology, 44, 293300.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., van IJzendoorn, M. H., Mesman, J., Alink, L. R., & Juffer, F. (2008b). Effects of an attachment-based intervention on daily cortisol moderated by dopamine receptor D4: a randomized control trial on 1- to 3-year-olds screened for externalizing behavior. Development and Psychopathology, 20, 805820.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barnes, J. C., Beaver, K. M., & Boutwell, B. B. (2011). Examining the genetic underpinnings to Moffitt’s developmental taxonomy: A behavioral genetic analysis. Criminology, 49, 923954.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnes, J. C., Wright, J. P., Boutwell, B. B., Schwartz, J. A., Connolly, E. J., Nedelec, J. L., & Beaver, K. M. (2014). Demonstrating the validity of twin research in criminology. Criminology, 52, 588626.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beaver, K. M. (2019). Biosocial criminology: A primer (4th ed.). Kendall Hunt.Google Scholar
Beaver, K. M., Barnes, J. C., & Boutwell, B. B. (2014). The 2-repeat allele of the MAOA gene confers an increased risk for shooting and stabbing behaviors. Psychiatric Quarterly, 85, 257265.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beaver, K. M., & Belsky, J. (2012). Gene-environment interaction and the intergenerational transmission of parenting: Testing the differential-susceptibility hypothesis. Psychiatric Quarterly, 83, 2940.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beaver, K. M., DeLisi, M., Vaughn, M. G., & Barnes, J. C. (2010). Monoamine oxidase A genotype is associated with gang membership and weapon use. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 51, 130134.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Belsky, J. (1997). Variation in susceptibility to rearing influences: An evolutionary argument. Psychological Inquiry, 8, 182186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Belsky, J., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & van Ijzendoorn, M. H. (2007). For better and for worse: Differential susceptibility to environmental influences. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16, 300304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Belsky, J., & Beaver, K. M. (2011). Cumulative-genetic plasticity, parenting and adolescent self-regulation. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52, 619626.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Belsky, J., Jonassaint, C., Pluess, M., Stanton, M., Brummett, B., & Williams, R. (2009). Vulnerability genes or plasticity genes? Molecular Psychiatry, 14, 746754.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Belsky, J., & Pluess, M. (2009). Beyond diathesis-stress: Differential susceptibility to environmental influence. Psychological Bulletin, 135, 885908.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Belsky, J., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2015). What works for whom? Genetic moderation of intervention efficacy. Development and Psychopathology, 27, 16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blomberg, T. G., Copp, J. E., & Turanovic, J. J. (in press). Challenges and prospects for evidence-informed policy in criminology. Annual Review of Criminology.Google Scholar
Brody, G. H., Beach, S. R. H., Chen, Y.-F., Obasi, E., Philibert, R. A., Kogan, S. M., & Simons, R. L. (2011). Perceived discrimination, serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region status, and the development of conduct problems. Development and Psychopathology, 23, 617627.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brody, G. H., Beach, S. R., Philibert, R. A., Chen, Y. F., & Murry, V. M. (2009). Prevention effects moderate the association of 5-HTTLPR and youth risk behavior initiation: gene x environment hypotheses tested via a randomized prevention design. Child Development, 80, 645661.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brody, G. H., Chen, Y.-F., & Beach, S. R. H. (2013). Differential susceptibility to prevention: GABAergic, dopaminergic, and multilocus effects. The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54, 863871.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brody, G H., Chen, Y.-F., Beach, S. R. H., Kogan, S. M., Yu, T., DiClemente, R. J., Wingood, G. M., Windle, M., & Philibert, R. A. (2014). Differential sensitivity to prevention programming: A dopaminergic polymorphism-enhanced prevention effect on protective parenting and adolescent substance use. Health Psychology, 33, 182191.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brody, G. H., Yu, T., & Beach, S. R. H. (2015). A differential susceptibility analysis reveals the “who and how” about adolescents’ responses to preventive interventions: Tests of first- and second-generation gene-intervention hypotheses. Development and Psychopathology, 27, 3749.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caspi, A., McClay, J., Moffitt, T. E., Mill, J., Martin, J., Craig, I. W., Taylor, A., & Poulton, R. (2002). Role of genotype in the cycle of violence in maltreated children. Science, 297, 851854.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cullen, F. T. (2005). The twelve people who saved rehabilitation: How the science of criminology made a difference. The American Society of Criminology 2004 presidential address. Criminology, 43, 142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cullen, F. T., & Gilbert, K. E. (1982). Reaffirming rehabilitation. Anderson.Google Scholar
Ellis, L. (1991). Monoamine oxidase and criminality: Identifying an apparent biological marker for antisocial behavior. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 28, 227251.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellis, L., & Walsh, A. (1997). Gene-based evolutionary theories in criminology. Criminology, 35, 229276.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eme, R. (2013). MAOA and male antisocial behavior: A review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 18, 395398.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ficks, C. A., & Waldman, I. D. (2014). Candidate genes for aggression and antisocial behavior: A meta-analysis of association studies of the 5HTTLPR and MAOA-uVNTR. Behavior Genetics, 44, 427444.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fox, B. (2017). It’s nature and nurture: Integrating biology and genetics into the social learning theory of criminal behavior. Journal of Criminal Justice, 49, 2231.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gajos, J. M., Fagan, A. A., & Beaver, K. M. (2016). Use of genetically informed evidence-based prevention science to understand and prevent crime and related behavioral disorders. Criminology and Public Policy, 15, 683701.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gottfredson, M. R. & Hirschi, T. (1990). A general theory of crime. Stanford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kochanska, G., Kim, S., Barry, R. A., & Philibert, R. A. (2011). Children’s genotypes interact with maternal responsive care in predicting children’s competence: Diathesis-stress or differential susceptibility? Development and Psychopathology, 23, 605616.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lei, M.-K., Beach, S. R. H., Simons, R. L., & Philibert, R. A. (2015). Neighborhood crime and depressive symptoms among African American women: Genetic moderation and epigenetic mediation effects. Social Science and Medicine, 146, 120128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roisman, G. I., Newman, D. A., Fraley, R. C., Haltigan, J. D., Groh, A. M., & Haydon, K. C. (2012). Distinguishing differential susceptibility from diathesis-stress: Recommendations for evaluating interactions. Development and Psychopathology, 24, 389409.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rowe, D. C. (1986). Genetic and environmental components of antisocial behavior: A study of 265 twin pairs. Criminology, 24, 513532.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rutter, M. (2006). Genes and behavior: Nature-nurture interplay explained. Blackwell.Google Scholar
Simons, R. L., Lei, M. K., Beach, S. R. H., Brody, G. H., Philibert, R. A., & Gibbons, F. X. (2011). Social environment, genes, and aggression: Evidence supporting the differential susceptibility perspective. American Sociological Review, 76, 883912.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simons, R. L., Lei, M. K., Stewart, E. A., Beach, S. R. H., Brody, G. H., Philibert, R. A., & Gibbons, F. X. (2012). Social adversity, genetic variation, street code, and aggression: A genetically informed model of violent behavior. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 10, 324.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, P., Gendreau, P., & Swartz, K. (2009). Validating the principles of effective intervention: A systematic review of the contributions of meta-analysis in the field of corrections. Victims and Offenders, 4, 148169.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walsh, A. (2000). Behavior genetics and anomie/strain theory. Criminology, 38, 10751108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walsh, A., & Ellis, L. (2004). Ideology: Criminology’s Achille’s heel? Quarterly Journal of Ideology, 27, 125.Google Scholar
Weisburd, D., & Piquero, A. R. (2008). How well do criminologists explain crime? Statistical modeling in published studies. Crime and Justice, 37, 453502.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wright, J. P., Barnes, J. C., Boutwell, B. B., Schwartz, J. A., Connolly, E. J., Nedelec, J. L., & Beaver, K. M. (2015). Mathematical proof is not minutiae and irreducible complexity is not a theory: A final response to Burt and Simons and a call to criminologists. Criminology, 53, 113120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wright, J. P., & Beaver, K. M. (2005). Do parents matter in creating self-control in their children? A genetically informed test of Gottfredson and Hirschi’s theory of low self-control. Criminology, 43, 11691202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wright, J. P., Beaver, K. M., DeLisi, M., Vaughn, M. G., Boisvert, D., & Vaske, J. (2008). Lombroso’s legacy: The miseducation of criminologists. Journal of Criminal Justice Education, 19, 325338.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Accessibility standard: WCAG 2.0 A

The PDF of this book conforms to version 2.0 of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), ensuring core accessibility principles are addressed and meets the basic (A) level of WCAG compliance, addressing essential accessibility barriers.

Content Navigation

Table of contents navigation
Allows you to navigate directly to chapters, sections, or non‐text items through a linked table of contents, reducing the need for extensive scrolling.
Index navigation
Provides an interactive index, letting you go straight to where a term or subject appears in the text without manual searching.

Reading Order & Textual Equivalents

Single logical reading order
You will encounter all content (including footnotes, captions, etc.) in a clear, sequential flow, making it easier to follow with assistive tools like screen readers.
Short alternative textual descriptions
You get concise descriptions (for images, charts, or media clips), ensuring you do not miss crucial information when visual or audio elements are not accessible.
Full alternative textual descriptions
You get more than just short alt text: you have comprehensive text equivalents, transcripts, captions, or audio descriptions for substantial non‐text content, which is especially helpful for complex visuals or multimedia.

Visual Accessibility

Use of colour is not sole means of conveying information
You will still understand key ideas or prompts without relying solely on colour, which is especially helpful if you have colour vision deficiencies.
Use of high contrast between text and background colour
You benefit from high‐contrast text, which improves legibility if you have low vision or if you are reading in less‐than‐ideal lighting conditions.

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge-org.demo.remotlog.com is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×