Index

Sarah M. Guérin

doi:10.1017/9781009039987.010

Index

Aachen

Domschatzkammer

Gr. 55 (Virgin and Child altar statue), 155

Abbeville

Musée Boucher-de-Perthes

1891.88.852 (triptych panel), 101

Abondance, abbey of, 124

accounts, 14, 18, 177, 178

Beatrice of Brabant, chatelaine of Kortrijk, 188

court Louis IX, minority, 23–24

Eleanor of Provence, queen of England, 38, 178

Gui I Dampierre, count of Flanders, 183

Gui I, count of Blois-Châtillon, 56

Henry III, king of England

Liberate rolls, 178–179

Jeanne de Valois, countess of Hainaut, 56

Mahaut, countess of Artois, 52–55

Philip II, duke of Burgundy (the Bold), 38, 265, 266

Philip IV, king of France (le Bel), 42

Philip V, king of France (le Long), 55–56

Saint-Amé, Douai, 87

Saint-Jacques-aux-Pèlerins, Paris, 86

Achab, king of Israel, 12

acheiropoieton, 79

Acre, 86, 95

Ad nutum domini, 166, 201

Adam of Melun, courtier, 23–24, 26

Adam of Perseigne, 192–193

Ade, Dame, tabletière, 50, 217

Adso, abbot of Montier-en-Der, 93

Agnès d’Harcourt, abbess of Longchamp, 256, 258

Agnes of Glogau, duchess of Liegnitz, 202

Aksum, kingdom of, 9, 10, See also Ethiopia

alabaster, 12, 41

Alexander III, czar of Russia, 72

Alexandria, Egypt, 21, 276

Alfonso X, king of Castile and Léon (the Wise), 27

Alphonse of Poitiers, 23

altar, 143, 144, 148, 153, 162, 200, 201

altarpiece, 118–123, 152

Altercatio, 111

alum, 19–20, 21, See also trade: trans-Saharan

Amazigh (Berber), 9, 276

amber, 263

Amesbury, abbey of, 82, 179

Amicie of Joigny, lady of Château-Renard, 206

Amiens, 63

Bibliothèque métropole

Esc. 6 (Death of the Virgin triptych), 170, 228

Anagni

Santa Maria (cathedral), 194, 252

anagogy, 4, 106, 109, 129, 167

Angers

Musée des Beaux-Arts

MTC 1135 (triptych), 220, 228, 230–232

Angevin house, 29, 31

Anselm of Laon

Enarrationes in Cantica Canticorum, 156, 158

Glossa Ordinaria, 104, 117, 133, 166

Antidotarium Nicolai (Nicholas of Salerno). See Nicholas of Salerno,

Antidotarium Nicolai

antisemitism, 101–102, 110–115, 126–127, 130–132, 172

Antwerp

Museum Mayer van den Bergh

MMB.0436 (Mocking of Christ plaque), 120, 122

MMB.0437 (triptych panel), 101

MMB.0439 (angels from Louvre Coronation group), 138

MMB.0440 (knop), 97

Apelles, 48

apothecaries, 159–160

Arabian peninsula, 9

Aragon, kingdom of, 21

Aristotle, 6, 48, 76

Ark of the Covenant, 87, 172, 196–199

armorers, 59

Arnaud de Via, cardinal, 244

Arras, 98, 101

Notre-Dame-en-cité, cathedral, 139, 153

artifice, 135, 211, 238, 251

Artois, 96, 97

Asculta, fili, papal bull, 253

Assisi

treasury of the basilica of San Francesco

inv. 70 (Virgin and Child), 241

Assumption, 152, 153, 155, 166, 172, 199, 200

feast of, 16, 134, 152, 162–167, 199

vigil, 197

liturgy of, 205

Aswan, Egypt, 9

Augustine, saint, 116

De Civitate Dei, 129

Enarrationes in Psalmos, 13

In Joannis Evangelium, 111

Augustinians, 63, 96

Aulne, abbey of (Cistercian), 73, 75

Autun

Saint-Lazare (cathedral), 92

Avignon, 244, 245, 251

Palais des Papes, 32

papacy transferred to, 248, 251

baldachin, 32, 143, 144, 147, 150

Baldwin VI, count of Flanders, emperor of Constantinople, 155, 179

Balearic Islands, 20–21, See also Majorca

Balledent (Haute-Vienne)

Saint-Étienne, parish church (reliquary), 161

Baltimore

Walters Art Museum

71.157 (leaf of a Passion diptych), 238

71.188 (Laval Virgin), 266

71.235 (seated Virgin), 63, 67

71.239 (standing Virgin), 63, 68, 135

71.267 (Aristotle and Phyllis writing tablet), 208

MS W.40 (Book of Hours), 200

Banzart, Tunisia, 20

Bapaume (Nord), 21

péage de, 21–22

Basilewsky, Alexander, 72, 237

basilisk, 150

Battle of the Golden Spurs, 186, 188, 190, 193, 253

Beatrice of Brabant, chatelaine of Kortrijk, 182, 184–190, 259

Beatrice of Savoy, countess of Provence, 95, 125

Beatrice the English, duchess of Brittany, 179, 184

Beaulieu-les-Fontaines (Nord), 193

Bede the Venerable

Commentary on the Song of Songs, 77, 156

Béjaia, Algeria, 19, 20

belt, 18, 136, 189, 261, 262

Benedict XI, pope, 251

Benedictines, 83, 92, 137, See also Saint-Denis, abbey

Benoist, Antoine, artist, 163

bequest. See gift

Bercharius, saint, 93

Berengaria, queen of Castile, 85

Berlin

Kunstgewerbemuseum

1917,72 (gilt copper tabernacle), 194

Skulpturensammlung und Museum für Byzantinische Kunst

inv. 623, 624 (Passion diptych), 238

inv. 627 (Marian tabernacle), 219, 220

inv. 628 (Berlin triptych), 264

Bernard of Clairvaux, saint, 75

Bertrand, eschaketturario, 26, See also échéquier

bespoke, 223–228

Bestiaire d’amour (Richard de Fournival) 52

Bible citations

1 Chronicles 13, 172

2 Corinthians 3, 91, 115, 127, 131

2 Kings 6, 172, 197

3 Kings 8, 114

3 Kings 10, 61, 199

3 Kings 16, 12

3 Kings 22, 12

Acts 1, 102

Amos 3, 12

Ecclesiastes 24, 197

Ephesians 5, 156

Exodus 25, 197

Exodus 25 and 26, 196

Genesis 3, 169

John 3, 104, 211

John 19, 103, 113

Lamentations 4, 77

Lamentations 5, 110

Luke 2, 78, 103, 108

Malachi 4, 163

Mark 15, 103, 127

Matthew 27, 102, 104, 105, 113

Matthew 28, 105

Psalm 44, 11–12, 13, 76–77, 79, 116, 117, 156, 166, 169, 173, 191, 192–193, 201

Psalm 131, 76, 86

Song of Songs, 205–206

Song of Songs 2, 172, 206

Song of Songs 5, 133, 156

birds of Calemonne, 268

Black Death, 261

Blanche of Artois, 188

Blanche of Castile, queen of France, 85, 131, 261

court of, 23–24

Blanche of France, nun at Longchamp, 258

Blanche of Navarre, queen of France, 263

Blaubeuren, Urgeschichtliches Museum. See Hohle Fels Venus

Block Style group, 62, 63–64, 67–70

Boccaccio, Giovanni

Decameron, 261

Bohuslaus, abbot of Zwettl, 32

boiled-leather case, 35, 52, 55, 56, 59, 110, 179, 213, 263, 269, 271

bone, 27, 32, 34, 37, 47, 159, 271

Boniface VIII, pope, 109, 251, 252–255

Bonport, abbey of (Cistercian), 75

Bouchard d’Avesnes, 182

Bourges

Saint-Étienne (cathedral)

jubé, 44–45

Breviarium in Psalmos (Pseudo-Jerome), 116

Brittany, 179, 184, 262

bronze. See under metal

Bruges, 19, 21

Lécluse, port of, 268

bucket, 22

burial, with ivory, 203

Cacciaguerra, canon at Pisa, 40

Caen

Musée des Beaux-Arts

M.2009.0.1(large Virgin and Child), 153

Calais, 21

Cambridge

Fitzwilliam Museum

MSS 192 and 368 (Somme le roi), 220

camel, 20, 276

Canary Islands, 276

Candida virginitas, 166, 173

Canon of the Mass, 112

cantorial staff, Sainte-Chapelle, 273

canvas, 54

Cap Finisterre, West Africa, 276

Capetian house, 55, 60, 111, 137, 193, 228, 259, 260–261

caravan, 11, 20, 276

carpets, 23

Carthage, Tunisia, 9

carver of the Great Passion diptychs, 269

carver of the Saint-Sulpice triptych, 88, 187, 218, 220–222, 228–242, 264

characteristic style, 217

Cassiodorus, 156

Commentary on the Psalms, 76–77

Catalan Atlas. See Paris:BnF:MS Esp. 30

Catania, Sicily, 29

Catherine, saint, 224

chalice, 85, 112, 125, 127

Chambéry, 124, 125

Saint-François-de-Salles (cathedral)

treasury (diptych), 94, 125

Champagne, 193

fairs of, 21, 22, 268

Charles I, count of Anjou, king of Sicily, 29, 33

Charles V, king of France (le Sage), 263, 266, 268–277

Chartres

Notre-Dame (cathedral)

jubé, 64

chasuble, 106

Chatelaine de Vergi, 18

cherubim, 75, 197

Chicago

private collection

seated Block Style Virgin, 63

The Art Institute of Chicago

1971.786 (Block Style Virgin), 63, 78

Chicart Bailly, maistre tabletier, 36–38, 52

China, 19

Christine de Pisan

Les faits et bonnes moeurs du roi Charles V le sage, 274

ciborium. See tabernacle

Cincinnati

Taft Museum

1931.319 (Virgin and Child from Saint-Denis), 135, 186

Cistercians, 62, 72, 73–74, 180, 182, 248

artistic proscriptions, 74

general chapter, 73

Cîteaux, abbey of, 62, 73

Clairvaux, abbey of, 75, 160

Clarendon

palace, 178

Clarissans, 256–260

clay, 48, 211

Clémence of Hungary, queen of France, 24, 210, 262

Clement IV, pope, 110

Clement V, pope, 31, 86, 109, 248, 251

cloth-of-gold, 85

coal, 19

Cologne, 26, 33, 34, 80, 220, 265

ivory carving in, 264–266

treasury of Saint Ursula

ivory caskets, 24

Combrouse, Guillaume, 72

compassion (compassio), 104, 106

Constantinople, 19, 20, 95

consular diptychs. See under ivories

Copenhagen

Nationalmuseet

Inv. 9095 (Adoration of the Magi group), 66

copper. See under metal

coral, 263

Coronation of the Virgin, 134, 138, 152, 162, 173, 197, 257, 259, 271

cotton, 19, 20, 21

thread, 23

Coulommiers (Seine-et-Marne)

Musée des Capucins

MMC 1404432 (Vierge de Coulommiers), 219

court style, 261

courtly love, 206

coutelier, 34, 37, 159

cruet, 85

Crusade, 143

Albigensian, 23

Fourth, 155, 179

Seventh, 130

Eighth, 261

Crusader States, 95

dais. See baldachin

damage, 66, 136

fragility, 32, 230, 232, 237, 249, 260

iconoclasm, 125

wear, 202–203, 205, 207

Damascus, 268

David, king of Israel, 11, 75, 87, 99, 164

De Assumptione Beatae Mariae Virginis (Pseudo-Augustine), 168

De diversis artibus (Theophilus presbyter), 27

Decameron (Giovanni Boccaccio), 261

demand, 10, 11, 79, 200

diacalamentis (remedy), 157

Diamante Orzaro di san Gervasio, 21

diamargariton (remedy), 157

Dijon

Chartreuse de Champmol, 88

Musée des Beaux-Arts

CA 1462 (pyx), 88

Dit des marcheans (Phelippot), 17

Dominicans, 54, 180, 191–192

donation. See gift

Douai

Saint-Amé, collegiate church, 87

dragon, 76, 82

dragon’s blood (resin), 76

ductus, 167, 200

Dur-Sharrukin (modern Khorsabad, Iraq), 12

dust, 169

Duthoit Brothers, 42

Duveen Brothers, 140, 203

Duvergé, Antoine-Nicolas, prior of Ourscamp abbey, 72

dyes, 21

brazilwood, 19, 21

madder, 20

weld, 20

East Africa, 21

Ecclesia, 76, 111, 115, 117, 156, 173, 192, 200, 205, See also Synagoga and Ecclesia

échéquier, 22, 26–33, 35, 36, 238

Écouis

Notre-Dame, collegiate church, 219

education, 101, 191, 259

Egypt, 9, 11, 19, 21

Eleanor of England, countess of Leicester, 206

Eleanor of Provence, queen of England, 38, 41, 95, 178, 179

elephant

African forest (Loxodonta cyclotis), 8

African savannah (Loxodonta africana), 8, 9

Asian (Elephas maximus), 8, 9

in mythology

chaste, 76

cold-blooded, 76–77, 133, 158

North African, extinction, 9

poaching, modern, 9

size, 116

Embriachi works, 271

enamel, 24, 49, 136, 155, 273

basse-taille, 271

Limoges, 161, 252

England, 19, 38, 81, 178–179

Enlart, courtier, 183

enshrinement, 80, 161, 178, 193–199

Essingh, Anton Josef, 265

Ethiopia, 9, 276, See also Aksum, kingdom of

Étienne Boileau, 18

Livre des métiers, 33–36, 38, 39, 45, 47, 49, 50, 212

Eucharist, 5, 62, 85, 86, 87, 90, 104, 106, 111, 112, 118–123

Eudes Clément, abbot of Saint-Denis, 143

Eudes de Châteauroux, 110, 129–132, 191, 224, 252

Eudes de Sully, bishop of Paris, 86

Eudes, count of Nevers, 86

experimentation, 67, 133

eyeglasses, 50

failure, 49, 234, 237, 249

Fatimid Caliphate, 10, 11

Feast of Fools, 93

Felicia, abbess of Amesbury, 82

Felix namque, 163, 165, 201

Ferrand of Portugal, count of Flanders, 180

Fez, Morocco, 19

Fezzan, the, Libya, 20

Fifteen Joys of the Virgin, 175, 201

Fillon, Benjamin, 72

Flanders, 19, 52, 61, 96, 97, 101, 179–184

Flemish nationalism, 184–190

Flines, abbey of (Cistercian), 182, 183, 184

foodstuffs. See also spices

almonds, 22

barberry, 157

cheese, 19

citrus fruits, 22

dates, 21

figs, 22

fish, 19

rice, 19

salt, 20

sardines, 22

sugar, 19, 22

forks, 22

Francesco Balducci Pegolotti, 20, 21

Franciscans, 226, 251, 260, See also Clarissans

Frederic of Piacenza, canon, 196

Fredrich of Verden, bishop of Lüneberg, 84

Fresnes (Nord), 119

Frigolet, abbey of Saint-Michel (Premonstratensian), 245

furs, 23, 55, See also pelts

Gabès, Tunisia, 20

gainier, leather worker, 59

Galenic medicine, 157

Gao, Mali, 274

Garamantes, 9

gems, 79, 139, 145, 262

agate, 25

amethyst, 4

aquamarine, 4

balas ruby, 273

beryl, 3

cameo, 273

carbuncle, 3

chrysolite, 3

diamond, 4, 6, 55

emerald, 3, 4, 138, 273

garnet, 4

Heavenly Jerusalem, 3–4

jasper, 3, 12

lapis lazuli, 12

magnesite (serpentine), 12

onyx, 3, 25

pearl, 4, 157, 273

rock crystal, 3, 85, 160, 257, 263

ruby, 4, 138

sapphire, 3, 4, 77, 137, 138

sardius, 3

topaz, 3

genius, 47, 49, 208

Gentile da Montefiore, cardinal, 251

Geoffroy de Fleuri, treasurer, 55

Germany, 19, 192, 264–266

Ghent

Collection of Jan Pareyn

Virgo lactans, 203

Ghibellines, sack of Lucca, 251

Ghuiluys de Boisleux, 98–101

gift, 23, 55, 73, 125, 129–130, 148, 151, 155, 158, 177, 179, 180, 181–182, 184, 189, 191, 192, 194, 196, 209, 217, 224, 242, 252, 254, 258, 262, 274

gift roll, Henry III, 82

Giovanni Boccaccio, Decameron, 261

Giovanni Pisano, 41, 42, 46

opus heburneum, 39–41, 45, 118, 139, 152

Girart d’Orléans, painter, 263

glass, 144, 160, See also stained-glass

Glorification of the Virgin, 134, 196, 198

Glorification of the Virgin group from Saint-Denis, 134, 165, 203, 261, See also Taft Museum and Rouen Cathedral treasury.

Glossa Ordinaria. See Anselm of Laon: Glossa Ordinaria

gold. See under metal

Golden Legend (Jacobus de Voragine). See Jacopus de Voragine

Gospel of Nicodemus, 101, 102, 105

Gossuin, of Paris (1325–26), 56

Gosuin, master, metalworker (1297–98), 146

Gothic versus Romanesque, 113–115

Grande Chartreuse (Isère), 124

Grandes chroniques de France, 152

Grandmont, abbey of, 161

Gregory IX, pope, 130

Gregory the Great, saint

Moralia in Job, 77

Groeninge, abbey of (Cistercian), 186, 188

Guelfs, 83

Guerric of Igny, 62, 74, 156

first sermon on the Annunciation, 74–80

Gui I de Dampierre, count of Flanders, 182, 184, 189, 193, 259

Gui I, count of Blois-Châtillon, 56

guilds, 20, 33–36, 45, 212

Guillaume de Crèvecoeur, 183

Guillaume de Lorris. See Roman de la Rose

Guillaume de Sens, libraire, 191

Guillaume I of Avesnes, count of Hainaut, 56

Guillaume II de Dampierre, count of Flanders, 182

Guillaume III de Dampierre, 182, 184

Guillaume of Auvergne, bishop of Paris, 197

Guillelmo Aurifabro, goldsmith, 139

guinea hens, African, 268

gum

arabic, 21, 157

tragacanth, 157

Guy de Laon, treasurer, 119

Hainaut, 56, 63, 73, 180, 182

Hamburg

Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe

1893.199 (small Virgin and Child), 81–83, 178

Hanover

Museum August Kestner

WM XXIa 40 (Virgin and Child from Lüneberg), 82–85

Hautecombe, abbey of, 124

Havering, palace, 178

Hedwig, duchess of Silesia, saint, 201–202

Heiligenkreuz, abbey of (Cistercian), 73, 75

Heinrich von Seefeld, 73

heirloom, 55, 184, 190, 263, 269, 274

Henri du Quesnoy, Dominican friar, 180

Henry III, duke of Brabant, 188

Henry III, king of England, 25, 82, 179

herbs, 157

aloe, 157

astrologue (birthwort), 22

borage, 157

common fumitory, 157

emblica (Indian gooseberry), 157

fennel, 157

purslane, 157

rhubarb, 157

senna, 157

Hildesheim

Dommuseum

DS 41 (Virgin and Child with reliquary base), 80

hinges, 35, 83, 87, 92, 95, 183, 213, 225, 233, 263

hippopotamus, 9, See also ivory: hippopotamus

Historia scholastica (Peter Comestor). See Peter Comestor:Historia scholastica

Hohle Fels Venus, 1–2

Honoré, Master, 220

Honorius Augustodunensis, 158, 205–206

horn, 34, 47, 87, 262

Hospitallers, 26, 94

Hours of the Virgin, Use of Paris, 199–200

Huet the barber, 55

Hugenin the barber, 183

Hugh of Saint-Cher, 191, 192

Postillae, 117, 191, 192

Hugues Boileau, treasurer, 273

Hugues d’Augeran, 262

humeral veil, 127

Hundred Years’ War, 264, 274

Iberia, 11, 19, 20, 24

Igny, abbey of, 75

imageless devotion, 109

Incarnation, 62, 75, 77, 79, 80, 134, 192, 199, 207

incense, 11, 22, 76, 193, See also Bible citations: Psalm 44

India, 9

Indian Ocean, 21

Innocent IV, pope, 130, 131

instruments of the Passion, 108, 226, 227, 250, 254, 255

inventory, 14, 177

Arras cathedral, 139, 153

Assisi, San Francesco, 241

Beatrice of Brabant, 189

Boniface VIII, 1295, 109–110, 195, 251

Boniface VIII, Anagni, 194

Břevnov, abbey of, 252

Charles V, 1363, 268

Charles V, 1380, 160, 263, 268–277

Chicart Bailly, 36–38

Clairvaux, abbey of, 160

Clémence of Hungary, 210, 262

Clement V, 1311, 31–32, 109–110, 248–249

Clement V, 1314, 251

Douai, collegiate church of Saint-Amé, 87

Edward I, king of England, 179

Grandmont, abbey of, 161

Gui I Dampierre, count of Flanders, 183

Jean II, le Bon, 263

Jean of Berry, 269

Jeanne d’Évreux, 262

Jeanne de Valois, countess of Hainaut, 56

Kortrijk castle, 189

Longchamp, abbey of, 256–260

Louis X, 262

Luca Fieschi, 196

Lüneberg, Saint-Michaelis, Goldene Tafel, 83

Mahaut d’Artois, 54

Notre-Dame, Paris, 151, 196

Pisa, 1369, 39, 118

Pisa, 1433, 39–41, 118, 152

Raoul de Clermont-Nesle, 118

Saint-Denis, 137–139, 146, 147, 152

Sainte-Chapelle, 1279–85, 41

Sainte-Chapelle, 1341, 273

Sainte-Chapelle, 1366–67, 273

Saint-Martin-des-Champs, abbey of, 86

Sorbonne, 86

iron. See under metal

Isabelle of France, 256

Isabelle of Luxembourg, countess of Flanders, 183, 189

Isabelle of Villehardouin, 29

Italian peninsula, 20, 31

ivories

by period

al-Andalusian, 24

ancient Greek, 207

Byzantine, 10, 87, 94, 213

Carolingian, 10, 87

Fatimid, 10

Iberian, 87

late Roman, 9, 10, 92

Near Eastern, 12

Ottonian, 10

Roman, 46–49

Romanesque, 61

Siculo-Arabic, 24, 158

Umayyad, 10

by type

appliqué plaques, 29, 31, 32, 40, 56, 152, 256, 257

buttons, 34

casket, 24–25, 179, 189

historiated, 208–209, 262

reliquary, 257–258

with silver mounts, 23, 262, 268

chess set, 23, 24–33, 34, 179, 183, 189, 262

chryselephantine, 207

comb, 22, 34, 50, 52, 53, 55, 56, 179, 208, 261, 266

composite tabernacle, 29, 32, 33, 220, 257

consular diptych, 10, 92, 93

corpus, 18, 34, 35, 53, 56, 151, 256, 257

crosier, 18, 97, 106, 158

Death of the Virgin triptychs, 169–173, 258

dice, 27, 34

diptych, 35, 92–95, 183, 189, 224–228, 257, 262, 263, 269

ajouré, 270

form, 110–115

painted, 263, 268

eyeglasses, 50

flyswatter, 263

hair parter (broche), 52

hair parter (gravouère), 55

hair parters (broquettes), 56

hanap, 190

hunting horn, 189

knife handle, 18, 34, 52, 159

knives, 266

lid for a goblet, 179

Marian tabernacle, 53, 108, 119, 139, 151, 178, 179, 193–199, 217

facture, 234–237

mirror, 52, 55, 56, 206, 208, 262, 266

oliphant, 189, 262

pawns, 26

pax, 56, 277

polyptych, 35, 179, 194, 269

pyx, 85–90, 161, 189, 262

retable, 40, 118–123, 189

statuette, 56, 119, 151, 256

of Saint Louis, 268

on silver socle, 184, 273

with silver tabernacle, 178

toiletry set, 55–56, 59, 190, 262

triptych, 35, 106–110, 189

Death of the Virgin, 167, 169–174

technique, 228

Vierge ouvrante, 151–152, 199

Virgin and Child statuette, 53, 54, 56, 153, 160, 176, 179, 181, 189, 199, 257

on silver socle, 130

technique, 239–242

writing tablet, 34, 35–36, 50, 183, 208, 266

dating, stylistic, 97, 217, 218–220

prices, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56

transportation, 54

ivory

elephant

as trade good, 19, 21, 22, 268, 276

investment, 51, 59

provisioning, 38, 41, 42

purchase, 38

stock, 37

supply, 61

tusk, 8, 21, 261

collagen, 207, 208

hygroscopic quality, 159

in medicine, 157–158

in mythology

prosthesis, 207

Pygmalion. See Pygmalion

so-called 11 cm rule, 8, 10

source understood in Europe, 276

hippopotamus, 8

mammoth, 1, 8, See also mammoth

walrus, 11, 61, 71, 80

ivory metaphor

body of the Virgin, 86

brilliance, 75, 77, 117, 173

charity, 75

chastity, 75, 76, 80, 117, 133, 156, 167, 200

antithesis, 208–209

coolness, 75, 157, 158

Ecclesia, 80, 156

martyrdom, 75

milk, 77

ruddiness, 75, 77–78

snow, 75, 77, 173

whiteness, 75, 77, 158, 167, 173

ivory-carving techniques, 26, 27, 47, 62, 64, 67–70

appliqué plaques, 120–123

bouquet, 66, 232, 243

carving, 40

cementum, 67, 78, 232, 235, 239, 242

constructed, 32, 138, 217, 228–239, 254

figural, 234

curvature, 67, 231, 232, 239, 243

cutting panels, 228–239

dividing the tusk, 36, 239–242

dowels, 65, 81, 124, 138, 228, 230, 234, 249

glueing, 31, 32, 35, 45, 124, 203, 228, 232

hand drilling, 26

identification of hand, 101

lap joints, 24

lathe turning, 26, 88

marquetry, 26, 29–32, 36

metaphorical, 116–117

nerve canal, 67, 70, 233

nerve cavity, 45, 67, 122, 231, 241, 242

polishing, 40, 45, 116

sawing, 26, 36, 212

thin plaques pegged together, 24

thin plaques, veneers, 232

undercutting, 135, 224, 239

upside-down tusk, 68, 135

ivory-carving tools, 37, 59

awls, 116

billhook (serpe), 27

bow lathe, 29

chisel, 27, 29, 47, 234, 237

claws, 116

compass, 47

dowel, 237

drill, 26

file, 27, 116

glue, 237

gouge, 237

hand drill, 27

handsaw, 27

lathe, 26, 36

metaphorical, 116

rasp, 27

saw, 26, 36, 116

veneer saw, 29

Jacobus de Voragine

Golden Legend, 169, 170, 224

Jacques de Halles, prior, 180

Jacques de Vitry, 95, 158–159

crosier, ivory, 158

Historia orientalis, 158

Jacques of Châtillon, 253

Jadwiga, queen of Poland, 24

Jaime Ferrer, navigator, 276

James I, king of Aragon, 21

Jaquemont de Lille, valet, 52

Jaquet the Barber, 56

Jean d’Avranches. See Tractatus de officiis ecclesiasticis (Jean d’Avranches)

Jean de Marville, sculptor, 38, 41, 44, 46, 266

Jean de Meung. See Roman de la Rose

Jean de Neuville-Vitasse, 99

Jean I, king of France, 43

Jean II, duke of Brittany, 179, 184

Jean II, king of France (le Bon), 263, 266, 269

Jean le Braillier, goldsmith, 263–264, 269

Jean of Saint-Amand, physician, 158, 159, 160

Jean Pépin de Huy, 53

Jean, duke of Berry, 266, 269

Jeanne d’Évreux, queen of France, 155, 262–263

Jeanne de Gueux, abbess of Longchamp, 257

Jeanne de Valois, countess of Hainaut, 56, 58

Jeanne de Vitry I, abbess of Longchamp, 256

Jeanne of Boulogne, queen of France, 263

Jeanne of Brabant, nun at Longchamp, 259

Jeanne of Bretagne, lady of Cassel, 184

Jeanne of Burgundy, queen of France, 269

Jeanne, countess of Flanders, 179–184, 189, 191, 192

testament, 180–182

Jeffrey, courtier, 183

Jehan de Biaumont, 262

Jehan de Salins, treasurer, 52, 53

Jehan Girart, tabletier of Paris, 38, 52, 266

Jehan le Scelleur, yvoirier, 52–60, 187, 212, 261, 262

seal, 53

Jehan Leenot, water bailiff, 266

Jehan Pépin de Huy, sculptor, 55

Jerusalem, 19, 93, 105, 197

Temple, 114

jet, 263

Jewish community, 101–102, 130–132, 191

moneylending, 102

John Gower

Confessio Amantis, 218

John Grandisson, bishop of Exeter, 264

John XXII, pope, 251

jousting tournament, 184

joyaux (luxury objects), 56, 262

Julien, Mestre, l’orfèvre, 50

Juvenal, 9

Kawar Oasis, Niger, 20

Kortrijk, 184–190, 253

palace

chapel, 189

Saint-Michael, church

Our Lady of Groeninghe, 184–190, 203

Krakow

treasury of the Wawel Royal Cathedral (Queen Jadwiga casket), 24

Kremsmünster, abbey of

Master of the Kremsmünster diptych, 264

l’Escalopier, Marie Joseph Charles de, 228

La description de la ville de Paris (Guillebert de Metz), 50

Lancelotto Malocello, 276

Langres

Musée d’Art et d’Histoire

inv. 844.3.4 (Annunciation group), 271

Last Judgment, 226, 227, 248–250, 252, 253, 254–255

Le dit des rues de Paris (Guillot de Paris), 50

lead. See under metal

leather, 19, 20, 21, See also pelts, boiled-leather case

León

Museo de León

inv. 26, 176

leopard, 9, 20

Les Échelles (Savoie), 125

Hospitaller chapel, 94

Li roiaume et les terres desquex les marchandises viennent a Bruges, 19, 21

libraire, 38, 52, 59, 191, 212

Libro del ajedrez, tablas y dados, 27–29

Libya, 9

Liège

Saint-Jean, cathedral, 62

lifelike, 45, 47, 48, 210

Lille

Bibliothèque municipale

MSS 835–38 (Parisian Bible), 191

Dominican convent, 180, 191

linen, 21, 23, 110, 127, 162

lion, 9, 81, 136, 139, 153

Lisbon

Gulbenkian Museum

inv. 422 (Death of the Virgin triptych), 167, 226

Little Office of the Virgin, Notre-Dame, Paris, 199–200

liturgical furnishings, 143

liturgical vestments, 106, 159

embroidered, 23

white linen, 162

liturgy

at Notre-Dame, Paris, 199–200

at Saint-Denis, 143

Liverpool

Walker Art Gallery

M 8004 (right leaf, Passion diptych), 176

livery robes, 55

Livre de la taille, 49–50, 58, 59

London

British Library

MS Add. 54180 (Somme le roi), 220

British Museum

1856,0623.145 (walrus Virgin and Child), 80

1856,0623.54 (small Marian triptych), 218

1861, 0416.2 (Grandisson diptych leaf), 264

1861,0416.1 (Grandisson triptych), 264

1923,1205,1 (Borradaile triptych), 94

1923,1205.4 (Marian tabernacle), 220

1926, 0712.1 (Grandisson triptych), 264

1978,0502.3 (Wernher Virgin), 243

ME OA 1877.8–2.8 (Chess pieces), 29

VAM

4–1872 (petite diptych), 223

161–1896 (right leaf, Passion diptych), 176

175–1866 (Northern triptych), 97, 106–109, 132

200–1867 (Rattier Virgin), 240

209–1867 (standing Virgin), 83

212–1865 (Symmachi), 92

4685–1858 (Humann Virgin and Child), 239

4686–1858 (Marian tabernacle), 234–237

A.5–1941 (central panel of a triptych), 225

A.99–1927 (Women at the Tomb plaque), 120

A.211–1865 (Soissons diptych), 96, 169, 238

A.546–1910 (Salting leaf), 97

A.560–1910 (comb), 56

Wallace Collection

S 246 (Wallace diptych), 97, 99

S 247 (Crucifixion panel), 232

S 253(Virgin and Child with reliquary base), 80

London (medieval), 21, 26

Longchamp, abbey of (Clarissan), 256–260

Longinus, 103–104, 108, 111, 112, 113

Loos, abbey of (Cistercian), 75

Los Angeles

J. Paul Getty Museum

MS Ludwig XI 7 (Hedwig Codex), 201

Louis VIII, king of France, 23

Louis IX, king of France, saint, 18, 22, 27, 29, 54, 85, 188, 256

arbitrator, 182

canonization, 253

court of, 23–24

Crusade, 130

écu d’or, 261

Eighth Crusade, 261

Saint-Denis, 143

Talmud trials, 130–132

Louis X, king of France (le Hutin), 24, 262

Luca Fieschi, cardinal, 196

Lucca, 251

Ludus Dei, 202

Ludwig I, duke of Liegnitz, 202

Lüneberg

Saint Michaelis, abbey church

Goldene Tafel, 83

Maastricht

Saint Servatius, cathedral

treasury

ivory caskets, 24, 87

Maciot, illuminator, 55

Madagascar, 21

madica, 25

Mahaut, countess of Artois, 52–55, 188, 189, 212

Mainneville

Saint-Pierre-Saint-Paul, parish church, 219

Majesté. See Throne of Wisdom

Majorca, 19, 20–21, 188, 276

mammoth (Mammuthus meridionalis), 8

Mannheim, Charles, 123

Mansa Musa, emperor of Mali, 276

manuscript bindings, 55, 61, 93, 94, 273

marble, 118

Marco Polo, 21, 274

Mareuil-en-Brie, retable, 96

Margaret III, countess of Flanders, 266

Marguerite de Valois, count of Blois-Châtillon, 58

Marguerite of Brabant, nun at Longchamp, 259

Marguerite of Châteauvillain, abbess of Flines, 183–184, 259

Marguerite of Provence, queen of France, 23, 95

Marguerite, countess of Flanders, 179, 180, 182–183, 184, 188, 191, 192

Marie of Brabant, countess of Savoy, 56

Marie of Brabant, queen of France, 53, 188, 189, 193, 259

Marie of Champagne, countess of Flanders, 179

Marie, countess of Champagne, 192–193

Marpent (Nord)

Notre-Dame d’Ayde, abbey of (Augustinian), 63

Marquette, convent of Notre-Dame de Bon Repos (Cistercian), 180

Martin IV, pope, 110

Martin le Roy collection, 170

martyrdom, blood of, 77

Mary, countess of Ponthieu, 26

materia medica, 157–158

material theology, 62, 78, 79, 90, 118, 153–155, 207, 254

materiality

affordances, 6, 228–239, 250

effective, 4–5, 133, 157–158, 160

hylomorphism, 5, 169, 210–211

iconology, 3–4, 76, 78, 133, 156, 193, 208–209

morphogenesis, 6

real presence, 3, 134, 147, 154, 155, 156, 159, 160

synecdoche, 1, 2, 111

materiam superabat opus, 251

Mathieu d’Arras, goldsmith, 183

Mathilde of Brabant, countess of Artois, 188

Matthew of Vendôme, abbot of Saint-Denis, 143, 146, 148, 162

mattresses, 23

Maubuisson, abbey of

Vierge ouvrante, 151

Mauritania (Roman), 9

Melun

palace

study, 268

mercier, 22, 52, 58

metal, 21, 34, 47

bronze, 12

copper, 8, 24

cup, 86

socle, 139, 151, 160

tabernacle, 139, 153, 160

gold, 12, 41, 79, 139

as gift, 10

as trade good, 276

brooch, 137

chalice and paten, 85

coins, 9, 56, 261

coronet, 137

cross, 153

eucharistic reservation, 86

for gilding, 178

foundation tablets, Dur-Sharrukin, 12

goldwork, 18

leaf, 22

plate, 189

revetment, 74

Solomon’s throne, 75

trade item, 19

trans-Saharan trade of, 9, 261

West African, 11, 20

iron, 12, 159

lead, 12, 22

silver, 12, 79, 139

altarpiece, 152

casket mounts, 23, 24–25, 257

chasse, 145, 146

cutlery, 34

diptych frame, 223

eucharistic reservation, 86

fittings, 59

hinges, 183

knife-handle mounts, 52

leaf, 22

mirror, 52

plate, 23, 189

price of, 55

reliquary, 181, 257

reliquary statue, 155

revetment, 74

silverwork, 18

socle, 52, 130, 139, 273

Solomon’s, 75

statuette, 153

stylus, 35

tabernacle, 139, 178, 179

tongs, 86

worked, 119, 126

steel, 52

Michel de Neuvireuil, prior, 180, 191–192

Michel, Dominican friar, 180

micro-architecture, 99, 113–115, 126, 139, 144, 178, 193, 196, 232

mimesis, 48

Minneapolis

Minneapolis Institute of Art

83.72 (Great Passion diptych), 269

miraculous image, 5, 79, 187

Miro, 49

miscarriage, 157

mnemonic tool, 154, 166

moneylending, 102

monkeys, 268

monstrance, 127

Montchal, Charles de, archbishop, 248

Montfaucon, Bernard de, 163

Montier-en-Der (Champagne), abbey of, 92

Montpellier

Bibliothèque universitaire Historique de Médecine

MS 399 (Pontifical), 112

Moralia in Job (Gregory the Great), 77

Moses, 112, 127, 132

Moulins-Engilbert, 105

mud, 80, 211, See also silt, earth, clay

Munich

Bayerisches Nationalmuseum

MA 1998 (mirror), 206

musical instruments, 173

Nahal Mishmar treasure, 8

Namur

Sisters of Notre-Dame, 73

TreM.a–Musée des Arts Anciens

inv. 29 (writing tablets), 35

inv. 30 (crosier), 158

inv. 33 (Block-style Virgin), 63, 67, 73

Nantes

ducal palace, 179

Napoleon, 144

narrative direction, 102, 105, 106, 167

Natural History (Pliny the Elder). See under Pliny the Elder

nature, 48, 208, 238

Nazarites, 77

needles, 22

Neoplatonism, 116–117, 191

New York

MMA

17.190.199 (Deposition plaque), 119, 120

17.190.269 (open work diptych), 270

1970.324.7 (Cloisters diptych), 224–228, 252

1999.208 (seated Virgin and Child), 187, 203–206

20.157 (cloister statue from cloister of Saint-Denis), 164

Morgan Library & Museum

MS M.729 (Psalter-Hours of Yolande de Soissons), 175

MS M.730 (Psalter-Hours of Ghuiluys de Boisleux), 98–101

Nicholas Donin, 130

Nicholas III, pope, 124

Nicholas IV, pope, 253

Nicholas of Salerno

Antidotarium Nicolai, 157

Nicola Pisano, 39

niello, 52, 274

North Africa, 9, 19, 20, 21, 276

North America, 11

Nubia, 9, See also Sudan

O beata maria, 201

observation, 157

Ochtrup-Langenhorst, abbey of

Virgin and Child statuette, 264

Odofredo Denari, lawyer, 224

Oignies, priory of, 73, 158

Opus Dei, 199, 202

Origen

Commentary on Lamentations, 77

Orléans

Musée des Beaux-Arts

A.6958 (Virgin from Montargis), 206

orpiment, 22

Orvieto, 192, 252

oryx, 20

ostensorium, 127

ostrich, 20

Our Lady of Groeninge. See under Kortrijk

Ourscamp group, 61, 62–63

Ourscamp, abbey of (Cistercian), 72, 73, 75

Ovid

Metamorphoses, 46–49, 207–208

Ovide moralisé, 210–211

Oxford

All Souls College

MS 6 (Amesbury Psalter), 81

Oza (Uzzah), 172

Padua

Biblioteca Capitolare

MS D 34 (Cholet missal), 112

palladium, 188

Pamplona

Santa María la Real, cathedral

reliquary of the Holy Thorn, 126, 139

Paris

Bibliothèque Mazarine

MS 526 (First Ordinary of Saint-Denis), 147

BnF

Arsenal MS 1186 (Psalter of Blanche of Castile), 112, 126, 131

Cabinet des médailles

Camée.309 (cantorial staff), 273

inv. 55.296bis (Anastasius diptych), 10, 92

inv. 55.304 (small diptych), 269

inv. 55.297a (Autun diptych leaf), 92

MS esp. 30 (Catalan Atlas), 274–277

MS fr. 837, fols. 282vb–283vb (Dit des marcheans), 17

MS fr. 6447, fols. 263v–265v (Transitus Mariae), 170

MS fr. 25545 (Recueil de dits, fabliaux, etc.), 18–20

MS lat. 238 (Psalter of Jeanne of Flanders), 180

MS lat. 976 (Second Ordinary of Saint-Denis), 147

MS lat. 8851 (Fourth Evangeliary of the Sainte-Chapelle), 274

MS lat. 10525 (Saint Louis Psalter), 96

MS lat. 16317 (Ordinary from Notre-Dame, Paris), 200

Louvre

LP 615 (Romance casket), 208

MRR 197 (mirror case), 55

MRR 429 (writing tablets), 35

OA 57 (Virgin from the Sainte-Chapelle), 41, 134, 186, 261, 273

OA 58, 3921 (Coronation of the Virgin group), 138

OA 105 (Grandisson leaf), 264

OA 342 and 419 (Vierge de Jeanne d’Évreux), 155

OA 2583 (Timbal Virgin), 187

OA 2587 (Marian tabernacle), 234–237

OA 2599 (small diptych with Ascension and Pentecost), 269

OA 2742 (Davillier Virgin), 83

OA 3935, 9443, 12516, 12517 (Deposition group), 35, 44–45, 123–129, 139

OA 6931 (Death of the Virgin triptych), 169

OA 6932 (Death of the Virgin triptych), 169

OA 7507 (Chalandon angel), 43

OA 9958 (soldier of Flagellation group), 120

OA 9961 (Betrayal of Christ plaque), 120, 122

OA 11096 (Death of the Virgin diptych), 169

OA 11097 (Glorification of the Virgin leaf), 237

OA 11367 (Block-style Virgin), 63, 67

OA 12380 (Christ of Flagellation group), 120

RF 1449 (Virgin of Wargnies), 42

MNMA-Cluny

Cl. 398 (enthroned Virgin and Child, Ourscamp group), 62, 72

Cl. 417 (fragment of a Passion diptych), 238

Cl. 453 (arcaded casket), 257

Cl. 1954 (Barroux Virgin), 153

Cl. 11155 (seated Virgin and Child with reliquary compartment), 80, 160

Cl. 13101 (Saint-Sulpice triptych), 35, 213, 220, 225, 228–230, See also carver of the Saint-Sulpice triptych

Cl. 17048 (Nicomachi), 92

Cl. 23832 (seated Virgin and Child), 182

Petit Palais

ODUT01274 (Vierge d’Ourscamp), 62–63, 78

Paris (medieval), 21, 22, 46, 47, 129, 158

34 rue Greneta (knife-making workshop), 159–160

craft organization, 216

Les Halles, neighbourhood, 50

Louvre palace

study, 268, 269

markets, 18, 26, 38, 52, 56, 59, 183, 259, 268

capital, 51

second-hand, 262

Notre-Dame (cathedral), 18, 96, 196

liturgy, 199

south transept, 134

Parlement, 22

prayer-bead workshop, 159

Sainte-Chapelle, 41, 134, 139, 188, 227

Apostles, 134

consecration of, 130

reliquary of Saint Louis, 50

reliquary of the Crown of Thorns, 23

Sainte-Geneviève, abbey of, 130

Saint-Eustache, neighbourhood, 50

Saint-Germain-l’Auxerrois, church, 196

Saint-Germain-l’Auxerrois, neighbourhood, 49, 50, 58, 59

Saint-Jacques, Dominican convent, 180, 191

Saint-Jacques-aux-Pèlerins, hospital, 86

Saint-Leu-Saint-Gilles, neighbourbood, 50

Saint-Martin-des-Champs, abbey of, 86

Saint-Nicolas-des-Champs, neighbourhood, 50

Saint-Pol, palace of, 263, 268

shopping, 23, 26, 38, 52, 56, 59, 183, 224, 252

Sorbonne, 86

Tabletterie, rue de la, 50, 58, 212, 222

Talmud trials, 130–132

tax rolls, 49–50

University, 101, 130, 131, 157, 191, 224

Parrhasius, 48

parrots, 20, 221, 268

Passion des Jongleurs, 101, 103–104

paten, 85, 127

patronage, 101, 244, 261, 268

commission, 38–41

user, 106–109

pavements, 143, 148

pax, 271

pelts, 19, 21, See also leather

Percier, Charles, 143

perfume

aloewood, 268

camphor, 157

civet, 268

musk, 268

rosewater, 268

spikenard, 102

Péronne (Nord), 21

Perugia, 251

Peter Comestor

Historia scholastica, 101

Peter Lombard

Sentences, 117

Peter of Beauvais

Picard Bestiary, 158

phenomenology, 158–159, 162–167, 195

touch, 202–203, 207–210

Philadelphia

Free Library

MS Lewis E 185 (Lewis Psalter), 126

Philip II, duke of Burgundy (the Bold), 21, 38, 41, 44, 50, 155, 179, 266, 272

Philip III, king of France (le Hardi), 53, 188

Philip IV, king of France (le Bel), 18, 19, 49, 54, 220, 244, 252–255

Philip V, king of France (le Long), 55, 58

Philip VI, king of France (Valois), 58, 263, 269

Philip of Harveng, 158

Philip of Sicily, 29

phylacteries, 189

Picard dialect, 17, 99, 101, 158, 170

Picardy, 96, 97, 101

piengnié (comb maker), 59

Pierlot, Gregoire, prior of Oignies, 73

Pierot the goldsmith (Douai), 87

Pierre d’Auteil, abbot of Saint-Denis, 146

Pierre d’Esquermes, 180

Pierre de Corbeil, archbishop of Sens, 93

Pierre Flotte, 253

pigment, 76

Pisa

Museo dell’Opera del Duomo

(Pisano Virgin and Child), 45, 85, 134, 139, 152

Santa Maria della Assunta, Duomo

high altar, 39–41, 118, 152

pulpit, 41

Plato, 48

Phaedrus, 117

Pliny the Elder

Natural History, 48, 76

Plotinus

Enneads, 116–117

Poissy

convent of Saint-Louis (Dominican), 54

Poland, 19, 24

polychromy, 34, 64, 136, 186, 213, 217, 220, 226, 231, 232, 241, 243, 245

Polyclitus, 49

Pontigny, abbey of (Cistercian), 75

Post partum virgo, 166, 201

precious stones. See gems

Premonstratensians, 245

private devotion, 201–202, 207

rise of, 199–201

procession, 162

provenance, 95, 189

Chambéry diptych, 94

Deposition group, 124–125

difficulty, 7, 73, 184

Glorification of the Virgin group from Saint-Denis, 136–139

private ownership, 176–177

Saint-Sulpice triptych, 247–251

Soissons diptych, 96

Vierge d’Ourscamp, 72

Villeneuve-lès-Avignon Virgin and Child, 244

purse, 29, 102

embroidered, 18

putting-out system, 38, 39, 222, 246

putty, 48

Pygmalion, 46–49, 207

Qui meruit domini, 167

Quis dabit, 101, 103

Ramon Berenguer, count of Provence, 95

Raoul de Clermont-Nesle, chamberlain of France, 118, 193

Raoul Joseph, libraire, 59

Raoul Rousselet, bishop of Laon, 262

ready-made, 213, 217–222

Red Sea, 11

Reims, 75

Musée Saint-Rémi

978.28387 (pyx), 88

Notre Dame, cathedral, 94

jamb statues, 134

relic, 5, 62, 80, 93, 147, 153–155, 166, 181, 182, 189, 257, 259–260

cloak of the Virgin, 83

Hilaire and Patroclus, saints, 152

Isabelle of France, 257

of the Passion, 64

swaddling clothes, 160

True Cross, 153, 161

umbilical cord, 160

Virgin’s veil, 155

Virgin’s girdle, 155

Virgin’s hair, 84

Virgin’s milk, 84, 155, 160

Virgin’s tunic, 155

reliquary, 62, 82, 83, 85, 92, 146, 147, 155, 160–161, 181, 189, 190

chasse, 150, 152

commissioning, 145–146

of Saint Denis, 50

of Saint Louis (Sainte-Chapelle), 50

of Saint Simeon (Saint-Denis), 150

of the Crown of Thorns (Sainte-Chapelle), 23

Saint Placide (Saint-Denis 1630s), 138

Renaut l’Eschequier, 26, See also échéquier

repairs, 52, 53, 59, 87, 139

retable, 96, 118–123, 143, 144

cloth of gold, 85

Saint-Denis, 144–145

reuse, 10, 92–94, 145, 161

Revolution, 140, 143, 153, 186

Richard de Fournival, Bestiaire d’amour, 52

Richard the Clerk, courtier, 38

ring, 56

Robert I, count of Artois, 188

Robert II, count of Artois, 26, 29, 52, 188, 189, 193, 253

Robert III, count of Artois, 54

Robert III, count of Flanders, 189

Robert, lord of Cassel, 184

Rollin & Feuardent, 72

Roman de la Rose, 46–49, 210, 238

Rome, 93

ivories available in, 252

Vatican Museums

A.82 (Vatican diptych), 97, 102

inv. 64618 (Crucifixion panel), 189

rope, 54

rose, 135, 137, 157, 166, 186, 218

Rothschild, Gustave de, 123

Rouen, 21

Bibliothèque patrimoniale Villon

MS O.4 (Ovide moralisé), 210

Musée des Antiquités de la Seine-Maritime

inv. 837 (gilt copper bishop), 153

Notre-Dame, cathedral

reliquary of Saint Romain, 136, 140

Rupert of Deutz, 205

Russia, 19

sacrament, 101, 104, 112, 129

sacrifice, 79, 92, 105, 106, 108, 110, 113, 117, 118, 123, 132, 227, See also Eucharist

sacristan’s manual, 153

Sahara desert, 19, 20, 276

Saint-Denis, abbey of, 92, 118, 155

ambulatory chapel of the Virgin, 147, 164

chapel of Saint-Pérégrin, 129

cloister, 163–164

gisant of infant Jean I of France, 44

liturgy of the Assumption, 162–167

reliquary head of Saint Denis, 50

renovations, 142, 143

south transept portal, 164

transept, 166

Saint-Germain-en-Laye

palace, 160, 269

chapel, 23

study, 268, 271

Saint-Omer, 20

Saint-Sulpice-sur-Tarn

parish church, 247

Saint-Antoine, abbey of, 248

triptych. See under Paris: MNMA-Cluny

Salerno

school of medicine, 157

Salvator mundi, papal bull, 253

Samaria, Israel, 12

San Lorenzo del Escorial

Biblioteca Real

MS T.I.6 (Libro del ajedrez, tablas y dados), 27–29

Saracen work (de opera Sarraceno), 26

Sargon II, king of Assyria, 12

Savoy, duchy of, 124

scale, 96, 118, 134, 177

in function, 199

Scandinavia, 19, 26

scissors, 56

sculptor. See ymagier

seal, 58

Sedes sapientiae. See Throne of Wisdom

semiotics, 3, 133, 157

semi-precious stones. See gems

Sens

Bibliothèque municipale

MS 46, 93

Saint-Étienne, cathedral, 87, 93

Sentences (Peter Lombard), 117

serpent, 81

Seville, 27

shoes, 23

Sicily, 11, 19, 24

Sigis, king of Majorca (fictional), 188

Sijilmasa, Morocco, 19, 20, 21, 274

Jewish community, 21

silk, 18, 19, 21, 23, 52, 79, 257

belts, 18

fastening of writing tablets, 266

vestments, 85

silt, 211, See also clay

silver. See under metal

Simon de Brugdam, knight, 266

Simon II, lord of Châteauvillain, 183

sindon (burial cloth), 127

skill, 32, 36, 47, 49, 70, 135, 228–239, 249

skin, 207

slate, 118

Soissons

Saint-Jean-des-Vignes, abbey of, 96

Solomon, king of Israel, 61, 75, 164

Somme le roi, 220

Sommerard, Alexandre du, 72

soul, perfection of, 116

spices, 19, 21, 23

anise, 157

cinnamon, 157

cloves, 157

galangal, 157

ginger, 157

grains of paradise, 20, 21

nutmeg, 157

pepper, 19, 21

spiritual ambitions, 176, 190, 199

spiritual direction, 192, 228, 260

spurs, 23

Saint Petersburg

Hermitage Museum

Φ 33 (Ourscamp group Virgin and Child), 62, 72

Ф 36 (polyptych fragment), 237

Ф 38 (large polyptych), 250

Ф 45 (Hermitage diptych), 97, 102–105, 125

Ф 1508 (small Marian polyptych), 218

stained glass

Allegorical window (chapel of Saint-Pérégrin), 129

Infancy window, 148, 165

program, 144–145

Tree of Jesse window, 148, 165

Stirps Jesse, 165, 201

stone, 34, 41, 47, 61, 67, 114, 116, 118, 157

stone carving, 34, 47, 62

Straits of Gibraltar, 20

Stratford, 25

style

dating. See under ivory:dating:stylistic

different hands, 220–222

questions of, 216–217

Sudan, 19

Suger, abbot of Saint-Denis, 3–4, 129, 143, 147, 148, 164

sun of justice, 163

supersession, 77, 113–115, 127, 132

Swahili corridor, 10

Sweden, 19

Symon de Guiberville, treasurer, 152

Synagoga, 126–127

Synagoga and Ecclesia, 104, 108, 110–115, 125, 127, 129

Synod of Paris (1198–1203), 86

tabernacle, 32, 53, 65, 76, 86, 116, 118, 126, 139, 153, 169, 172, 178, 193–199

copper, 194

gilt silver at Longchamp, 257

silver, 194

wood, 193, 194

tabletier, 22, 32, 34, 35–38, 45, 50, 59, 88, 212, 238, 239, 242, See also Ade, Dame, tabletière

Tablets of the Law, 110–115, 125, 127, 196

Taghaza, Mali, 20, 274

Talmud trials, 130–132

Te igitur, 112

tent (tentorius), 196

testament, 177, 190

Beatrice of Savoy, 124

Gui I de Dampierre, 183

Heinrich von Seefeld, 73

Jean le Bon, 262

Jeanne d’Evreux, 262

Jeanne of Flanders, 180–182

Marguerite of Flanders, 72

textile, 21, 23, 55, 126–127, 157, 160, See also woolen textiles, silk

relic, 160, 257

textile industry, 19–20, 21, 61

thaumaturgy, 188, 202

Themistius, 9

Theodosian Code, 10

Theophilus presbyter

De diversis artibus, 27

Thibault de Milly, treasurer, 145

Thomas Aquinas, saint, 161, 191

Thomas de Maubeuge, libraire, 55

Throne of Wisdom, 61, 74–80, 86, 88, 90, 92, 108, 134, 169, 199, 259

throne, silver and rock-crystal, 263

Thyssen-Bornemisza collection

DEC 1516 (Passion triptych), 170

tiles. See pavements

Timbuktu, Mali, 274

Toledo, OH

Toledo Museum of Art

50.301(Crucifixion leaf), 237

50.304 (Marian tabernacle), 197

tolls, 21

tongs, eucharistic, 86

Toronto

Private collection

Frigolet Virgin and Child, 245

Thomson Collection at the Art Gallery of Ontario

inv. 107356 (Marian tabernacle), 234–237

inv. 107455 (knives), 52

inv. 29102 (Death of the Virgin diptych), 169

Tournai, 19, 62

Notre-Dame cathedral of Notre-Dame

09 IVO 01 (Virgin and Child), 239

Tractatus de officiis ecclesiasticis (Jean d’Avranches), 104

trade

trans-Saharan, 9, 11, 19, 21, 261, 274

alum, 20

between France and Flanders, 21–22

slavery, 20

Trani, 29

Museo dell’Arcidiocesi di Trani-Barletta-Bisceglie-Nazareth (polyptych), 29, 56, 118, 220

Transitus Mariae, 170–173

Tree of Jesse, 148, 165, 166

Tripoli, Libya, 20

Trotula of Salerno, 157

Tunis, Tunisia, 19, 20

Tunisia, Hafsid, 11, 261

Turin, 124, 125

Museo Civico

152/AV (mirror), 56

Turpin de Crissé, Lancelot-Théodore, 228

typology, 15, 61, 62, 77, 90, 91, 92, 93, 102, 110–115, 145, 163, 165, 169, 172, 178, 197

Uluburun shipwreck, 8

unformed matter, 169

Urban IV, pope (Jacques Pantaléon), 110, 192

uterus (womb), 78, 79, 80, 157, 160, 168, 192, 197

Valenciennes

Dominican convent, 180

varnish, 76

Vauclair, abbey of (Cistercian), 75

veiling and unveiling, 127–129

Venice, 21, 95

Vervins (Aisne), 22

Vienna

Österreichische Nationalbibliothek

cod. 2554 (Old French Moralized Bible), 111, 114, 131

Vierge Glorieuse. See Glorification of the Virgin

Villard de Honnecourt, 47

Villeneuve-l’Archevêque (Yonne), 64

Villeneuve-lès-Avignon

Musée Pierre de Luxembourg

PL 86.3.1 (Virgin and child), 244

Vincennes

palace

chapel, 263

keep study, 269

oratory, 269, 271

study, 268

violence, 79, 117, 252–255

violets, 157

Viollet-le-Duc, Eugène, 143

Virgin Mary, 62, See also Throne of Wisdom

as Ark of the Covenant, 197–199

as Ecclesia, 173, 205

as Maria Regina, 134

as Theotokos, 74, 80, 134, 199, 259

Assumption of, 167–174, See also Assumption

as Theotokos, 90

death of, 167–174

descendance from Judah, house of, 166

ivory as substitutional relic for, 160

virtue (virtus), 4–5, 158, 159

vita icons, 195

Viterbo, 192

Walata, Mauritania, 20

warden, 35

Wargnies (Nord), 42

Wars of Religion, 138, 142, 146, 152, 188, 248

wax, 47, 48, 53, 93, 208, 271

Wibald, abbot of Stavelot, Corvey, and Monte Cassino, 157

William Brewer, bishop of Exeter, 196

William Durandus, papal curia, 86, 197

William I, abbot of Ourscamp, 73

womb. See uterus

wood, 27, 32, 34, 35, 39, 41, 47, 48, 56, 61, 74, 83, 86, 118, 126, 139, 157, 166

acacia, 196

aloewood, 25, 268

baleine, 257

balène, 193

boxwood, 12, 34, 139

brazilwood, 37

cedar, 12, 53, 56

cypress, 12

ebony, 20, 25, 29, 151, 262, 271

juniper, 12

limewood, 6

linden, 63

maple, 12, 25

mulberry, 12

oak, 42

pine, 12

pistachio, 12

poplar, 63

red sandalwood, 157

sandalwood, 25

walnut, 256, 257

white sandalwood, 157

woodworking, 34, 47, 60, 62, 67, 68

wool, 21

woolen textiles, 20, 21, 23

worms, 169

writing tablets, 23, See also ivory: by type: writing tablets

Wyvern Collection

inv. 1909 (Death of the Virgin triptych), 169–173, 224, 233

inv. 1978 (Syon Virgin), 66

ymagier, 22, 34–35, 38, 41–46, 49, 50, 58, 59, 63, 238

Yolande de Soissons, 175

York, 35

Ypres, 22

Ysopet (Marie de France), 18

yvoirier, 22, 52, 58, 59–60

Zanzibar, 21

zinc oxide (calamine), 157

Zwettl

abbey of (Cistercian), 73, 75

Virgin and Child, 32–33, 152, 220

Book contents

Index

Summary

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Index

Accessibility standard: Unknown

Book contents

Index

Summary

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Accessibility standard: Unknown

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