Published online by Cambridge University Press: 21 August 2025
Radical political economy focuses on capitalism's ability for reproduction. Social reproduction refers to how human beings reproduce their existence. Globalization has seen a vast expansion of surplus labor or surplus humanity. The levels of worldwide inequalities are unprecedented, as is the extent of mass deprivation and precarity. Transnational capital has turned to new forms of unpaid labor to expand accumulation, helping to generate a worldwide crisis in gender relations. A new round of global enclosures is underway that includes land grabs around the world. The TCC is turning toward greater automation in both the traditional core and the traditional periphery, suggesting an increase in the production of relative surplus value relative to absolute surplus value. The global mining industry, and the case of the Congo, illustrate these transformations. As artificial intelligence spreads, professional work and knowledge workers also face deskilling, automation, and increased precariousness. Capitalist states could ameliorate the crisis through redistribution and regulatory policies, but they are constrained by the structural power of transnational capital.
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