Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-cb9f654ff-5jtmz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-08-19T13:45:32.109Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Section 1 - Medicine

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 May 2025

Rebecca Leslie
Affiliation:
Royal United Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bath
Emily Johnson
Affiliation:
Worcester Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester
Gary Thomas
Affiliation:
Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board, Bridgend
Philip Harrington
Affiliation:
West Midlands Deanery, Birmingham
Get access

Information

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2025

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Book purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Further Reading

Fombon, F, Thompson, J. Anaesthesia for the adult patient with rheumatoid arthritis. Continuing Education in Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain. 2006; 6(6): 235239.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O’Donnell, R, Dolan, J. Anaesthesia and analgesia for knee joint arthroplasty. British Journal of Anaesthesia Education. 2018; 18(1): 815.Google ScholarPubMed
Woodcock, T, Barker, P, Daniel, S, Fletcher, S, Wass, JAH, Tomlinson, JW et al. Guidelines for the management of glucocorticoids during the peri-operative period for patients with adrenal insufficiency. Anaesthesia. 2020; 75(5): 654663.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Further Reading

Bouch, C, Thompson, JP. Severity scoring systems in the critically ill. Continuing Education in Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain. 2008; 8(5): 181185.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, J, Morgan Hughes, NJ. Aortic stenosis and non-cardiac surgery. Supplement Continuing Education in Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain. 2005; 5: 14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Minto, G, Biccard, B. Assessment of the high-risk perioperative patient. Supplement Continuing Education in Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain. 2014; 14(1): 1217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smilowitz, NR, Berger, JS. Perioperative Cardiovascular Risk Assessment and Management for Noncardiac Surgery: A Review. Journal of the American Medical Association. 2020; 324(3): 279290.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stones, J, Yates, D. Clinical risk assessment tools in anaesthesia. British Journal of Anaesthesia Education. 2019; 19(2): 4753.Google ScholarPubMed

Further Reading

Arrhythmias and Pathology. Webpage found at: http://criticalcarenorthampton.com/arrhythmias-and-pathology (accessed 22 June 2023).Google Scholar
Houghton, AR. Making Sense of the ECG fifth edition. CRC Press; Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirkman, E. Myocardial action potential. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine. 2006; 7(8): 259263.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singh, R, Murphy, JJ. Electrocardiogram and arrhythmias. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine. 2009; 10(8): 381384.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Soar, J et al. European resuscitation council guidelines 2021. Resuscitation. 2021; 161: 115151.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Further Reading

Hartle, A, McCormack, T, Carlisle, J, et al. The measurement of adult blood pressure and management of hypertension before elective surgery: Joint Guidelines from the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland and the British Hypertension Society. Anaesthesia. 2016; 71(3): 326337.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lee, TH, Marcantonio, ER, Mangione, CM, et al. Derivation and prospective validation of a simple index for prediction of cardiac risk of major noncardiac surgery. Circulation. 1999; 100: 10431049.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Hypertension in adults: diagnosis and management. www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng136Google Scholar
Tait, A, Howell, SJ. Preoperative hypertension: Perioperative implications and management. British Journal of Anaesthesia Education. 2021; 21(11): 426432.Google ScholarPubMed

Further Reading

Fleisher, LA, Fleischmann, KE, Auerbach, AD, Barnason, SA, Beckman, JA, Bozkurt, B, et al. 2014 ACC/AHA guideline on perioperative cardiovascular evaluation and management of patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: Executive summary: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2014; 130 (24): 22152245CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guay, J, Choi, P, Suresh, S, Albert, N, Kopp, S, Pace, NL. Neuraxial blockade for the prevention of postoperative mortality and major morbidity: An overview of Cochrane systematic reviews. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2014; 2014(1):Cd0101082014.Google ScholarPubMed
Harkness, A, Ring, L, Augustine, DX, Oxborough, D, Robinson, S, Sharma, V, and the Education Committee of the British Society of Echocardiography. Normal reference intervals for cardiac dimensions and function for use in echocardiographic practice: A guideline from the British Society of Echocardiography. Echo Research and Practice. 2020; 7(1): G1G18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kristensen, SD, Knuuti, J, Saraste, A, Anker, S, Bøtker, HE, Hert, SD, et al. 2014 ESC/ESA Guidelines on non-cardiac surgery: Cardiovascular assessment and management: The Joint Task Force on non-cardiac surgery: Cardiovascular assessment and management of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Society of Anaesthesiology (ESA). European Heart Journal. 2014; 35(35): 23832431.Google Scholar

Further Reading

Al-Attar, N. Postoperative myocardial infarction. An article from the e-journal of the ESC council for Cardiology Practice. 2011; 10(4). Accessed online at Postoperative myocardial infarction (escardio.org).Google Scholar
The Joint Task Force on Non-cardiac Surgery: Cardiovascular Assessment and Management of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Society of Anaesthesiology (ESA). 2014 ESC/ECA Guidelines on non-cardiac surgery: Cardiovascular assessment and management. European Heart Journal. 2014; 35: 23832431.Google Scholar
Landesberg, G, Hillel, Z (2015). Chapter 47: Electrocardiography, Perioperative Ischaemia and Myocardial Infarction. Miller’s Anaesthesia. 8th Edition. Elsevier Saunders, Philadelphia USA.Google Scholar
Smilowitz, NR, Gupta, N, Guo, Y, Berger, S, Bangalore, S. Perioperative acute myocardial infarction associated with non-cardiac surgery. European Heart Journal. 2017; 38: 24092417.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thygesen, K. What’s new in the fourth universal definition of myocardial infarction? European Heart Journal. 2018; 39: 37573765.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Writing Committee for the VISION Study Investigators. Association of Postoperative High-Sensitivity Troponin Levels with Myocardial Injury and 30-Day Mortality among patients undergoing Noncardiac Surgery. Journal of the American Medical Association. 2017; 317(16): 16421651.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Further Reading

Brown, J, Morgan Hughes, NJ. Aortic stenosis and non-cardiac surgery. Continuing Education in Anaesthesia Critical Care and Pain. 2005; 5(1): 14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guideline by the association of anaesthetists. Guideline for the management of hip fractures 2020. Anaesthesia. 2021; 76: 225237.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holmes, K, Gibbison, B, Vohra, HA. Mitral valve and mitral valve disease. British Journal of Anaesthesia Education. 2017; 17 (1): 19.Google Scholar
Ring, L et al. Echocardiographic assessment of aortic stenosis: A practical guideline from the British Society of Echocardiography. Echo Research and Practice. 2021; 8(1): G19G59.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robinson, S et al. The assessment of mitral valve disease: A guideline from the British Society of Echocardiography. Echo Research and Practice. 2021; 8 (1): G87G136.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Further Reading

Elliott, P, Andersson, B, Arbustini, E et al. Classification of cardiomyopathies: A position statement from the European society of cardiology working group on myocardial and pericardial diseases. European Heart Journal. 2008; 29: 270276.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Honigberg, MC, Givertz, MM. Peripartum cardiomyopathy. British Medical Journal. 2019; 364: k5287.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ibrahim, RI, Sharma, V. Cardiomyopathy and anaesthesia. British Journal of Anaesthesia Education. 2017; 17(11): 363369.Google Scholar

Further Reading

British Heart Rhythm Society. Guideline for the peri-operative management of people with cardiac implantable electronic devices. Anaesthesia 2022, 77: 808817.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bryant, HC, Roberts, PR, Diprose, P. Perioperative management of patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices. British Journal of Anaesthesia Education. 2016; 11: 388396.Google Scholar

Further Reading

Burton, D, Nicholson, G, Hall, G. Endocrine and metabolic response to surgery. Continuing Education in Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain. 2004; 4(5): 144147.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cusack, B, Buggy, DJ. Anaesthesia, analgesia, and the surgical stress response. British Journal of Anaesthesia Education. 2020; 20(9): 321328.Google ScholarPubMed

Further Reading

Menon, R, Murphy, PG, Lindley, AM. Anaesthesia and pituitary disease, Continuing Education in Anaesthesia Critical Care and Pain. August 2011; 11(4): 133137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woodcock, T, Barker, P, Daniel, S et al. Management of glucocorticoids during the peri-operative period for patients with adrenal insufficiency. Association of Anaesthetists. February 2020.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Further Reading

Peri-operative Management of the Obese Surgical Patient 2015. The Association of Anaesthetist of GB and Northern Ireland. Society for Obesity and Bariatric Anaesthesia. March 2015.Google Scholar

Further Reading

Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland. Peri-operative management of the surgical patient with diabetes 2015. Anaesthesia 2015; 70: 14271440.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Centre for Perioperative Care. Guideline for perioperative care for people with diabetes mellitus undergoing elective and emergency surgery. CPOC, 2021https://cpoc.org.uk/sites/cpoc/files/documents/2021-03/CPOC-Diabetes-Guideline2021_0.pdf [Accessed 29 April 2022].Google Scholar
McGinlay, M, Mruthunjaya, S. Anaesthetic management of diabetes. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine. 2017; 18: 481487.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Partridge, H, Perkins, B, Mathieu, S, et al. Clinical recommendations in the management of the patient with type 1 diabetes on insulin pump therapy in the perioperative period: A primer for the anaesthetist British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2016; 116: 1826.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robinson, C, Mcginlay, M, Mruthunjaya, S. Perioperative management of diabetes. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine. 2020; 21: 548557.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thiruvenkatarajan, V, Meyer, EJ, Nanjappa, N et al. Perioperative diabetic ketoacidosis associated with sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors: A systematic review. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2019; 123: 2736.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Further Reading

Hirst, C, Allahabadia, A, Cosgrove, J. The adult patient with hyponatraemia, British Journal of Anaesthesia Education. 2015; 15(5): 248252.Google Scholar
O’Donnell, AM, Foo, ITH. Anaesthesia for transurethral resection of the prostate, Continuing Education in Anaesthesia Critical Care and Pain. 2009; 9(3): 9296.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Further Reading

Kirkbride, DA, Buggy, DJ. Thermoregulation and mild peri-operative hypothermia. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2003; 3(1): 2428.Google Scholar
Kuht, J, Farmery, AD. Body temperature and its regulation. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine. 2021; 22(10): 657662.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Riley, C, Andrzejowski, J. Inadvertent perioperative hypothermia. British Journal of Anaesthesia Education. 2018; 18(8): 227233.Google ScholarPubMed

Further Reading

Achaiah, NC, Bhutta, BS, AK AK. Fever in the Intensive Care Patient. [Updated 2023 Feb 9]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan. Available from: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK570583/.Google Scholar
Gupta, PK, Hopkins, PM. Diagnosis and management of malignant hyperthermia. British Journal of Anaesthesia Education. 2017;17: 249–54.Google Scholar

Further Reading

Cook, T, Morgan, P, Hersch, P. Equal and opposite expert opinion. Airway obstruction caused by a retrosternal thyroid mass: Management and prospective international expert opinion, Anaesthesia. 2011; 66: 828836.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Iliff, H et al. Management of haematoma after thyroid surgery: Systematic review and multidisciplinary consensus guidelines from the Difficult Airway Society, The British Association of Endocrine and Thyroid Surgeons and the British Association of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgeons, Anaesthesia. 2022; 77: 8295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malhotra, S, Sodhi, V. Anaesthesia for thyroid and parathyroid surgery, British Journal of Anaesthesia – Continuing Education in Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain. 2007; 7(2): 55–8.Google Scholar
Parry, Z, Macnab, R. Thyroid disease and thyroid surgery, Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine. 2017; 18(10): 488495.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Further Reading

Connor, D, Boumphrey, S. Perioperative care of phaeochromocytoma. British Journal of Anaesthesia Education. 2016;16(5): 153158.Google Scholar
Giustini, AJ, Rowe, EV, Perez, FD, Mihm, FG. Hydroxocobalamin to treat refractory vasoplegia following phaeochromocytoma resection in a child. Anaesthesia Reports. 2022 Dec 11;10(2): e12201.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nölting, S, Bechmann, N, Taieb, D, Beuschlein, F, Fassnacht, M, Kroiss, M, Eisenhofer, G, Grossman, A, Pacak, K. Personalized management of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. Endocrine Reviews. 2022;43(2): 199239.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pace, N, Buttigieg, M. Phaecochromocytoma. BJA CEPD Reviews. 2003; 3(1): 2023.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sasidharan, P, Johnston, I. World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists: Phaeochromocytoma: Perioperative Management. Available from: https://resources.wfsahq.org/atotw/phaeochromocytoma-perioperative-management/ (Accessed 15 December 2022).Google Scholar

Further Reading

Bratanow, S, Brown, S. Nutrition in the critically Ill. Update in Anaesthesia. Available from https://resources.wfsahq.org/wp-content/uploads/uia28-Nutrition-in-the-critically-ill.pdf (Accessed 30 December 2022).Google Scholar
Chowdhury, R, Lobaz, S. Nutrition in critical care. British Journal of Anaesthesia Education. 2019; 19(3): 9095.Google ScholarPubMed
Macdonald, K, Page, K, Brown, L, Bryden, D. Parenteral nutrition in critical care. Continuing Education in Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain. 2013; 13(1): 15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
NHS Improvement. Initial placement checks for nasogastric and orogastric tubes. Available from: www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Resource_set_-_Initial_placement_checks_for_NG_tubes_1.pdf (Accessed 30 December 2022).Google Scholar
Piton, G, Gouge, AL, Boisramé-Helms, J, Anguel, N, Argaud, L, Asfar, P, et al. Factors associated with acute mesenteric ischemia among critically ill ventilated patients with shock: A post hoc analysis of the NUTRIREA2 trial. Intensive Care Medicine. 2022; 48(4): 458466.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Further Reading

Bratanow, S, Brown, S. Nutrition in the critically Ill. Update in Anaesthesia. Available from https://resources.wfsahq.org/wp-content/uploads/uia28-Nutrition-in-the-critically-ill.pdf (Accessed 30 December 2022)Google Scholar
Chowdhury, R, Lobaz, S. Nutrition in critical care. British Journal of Anaesthesia Education. 2019; 19(3):9095.Google ScholarPubMed
Edwards, S. Anaesthetising the malnourished patient. Update in Anaesthesia. 2016; 31:3137. Available from https://resources.wfsahq.org/wp-content/uploads/uia31-Anaesthetising-the-malnourished-patient.pdf (Accessed 20 December 2022).Google Scholar
Gillis, C, Wischmeyer, PE. Pre-operative nutrition and the elective surgical patient: Why, how and what? Anaesthesia. 2019; 74: 2735.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
National Collaborating Centre for Acute Care. Nutrition support in adults. Oral nutrition support, enteral tube feeding and parenteral nutrition. February 2006. Available from www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg32/evidence/full-guideline-194889853 (Accessed 21 December 2022).Google Scholar

Further Reading

Banks, P, Bollen, T, Dervenis, C, et al. Classification of acute pancreatitis – 2012: Revision of the Atlanta classification and definitions by international consensus. Gut. 2013; 62: 102111.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crockett, S, Wani, S, Gardner, T, Falck-Ytter, Y, Barkun, A. American Gastroenterological Associated Institute Guideline on Initial Management of Acute Pancreatitis. Gastroenterology. 2018; 154: 10961101.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gomes, C, Di Saverio, S, Sartelli, M et al. Severe acute pancreatitis: Eight fundamental steps revised according to the ‘PANCREAS’ acronym. Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. 2020; 102: 555559.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death. Acute pancreatitis: Treat the cause. 2016. www.ncepod.org.uk/2016ap.html accessed 22 August 2022.Google Scholar
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence National Guideline 104: Pancreatitis. www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng104 accessed 22 August 2022.Google Scholar
Trikudanathan, G, Wolbrink, D, van Santvoort, H, Mallery, S, Freeman, M, Besselink, M. Current concepts in severe acute and necrotizing pancreatitis: An evidence-based approach. Gastroenterology. 2019; 156: 19942007.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Further Reading

Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland (AoA) Guidelines: The use of blood components and their alternatives. Anaesthesia. 2016; 71(7);829842.Google Scholar
British Committee for Standards in Haematology (BCSH). Guideline on the Administration of Blood Components. First published 2009. www.bcshguidelines.com/4HAEMATOLOGYGUIDELINES.html?dtype=Transfusion&dpage=0&sspage=0&ipage=0.Google Scholar
Kirkman, E. Blood groups. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care. 2010; 11(6): 232235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mugabe, B et al. Serious hazards of transfusion (SHOT): Its implications for intensive care Journal of the Intensive Care Society. 2013; 14(3): 215219.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Further Reading

Herbert, P, Wells, G, Blajchman, M et al. A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial of Transfusion Requirements in Critical Care. New England Journal of Medicine. 1999; 340: 409417.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
NICE blood transfusion guidelines. 2015.Google Scholar
Stoddard, K, Sohal, M, Bedson, R. Anaesthetic management of patients with sickle cell disease in obstetrics. British Journal of Anaesthesia Education. 2022; 22(3): P8793.Google ScholarPubMed

Further Reading

Blood Transfusion and the Anaesthetist - Red Cell Transfusion 2. Association of Anaesthetists. 2008.Google Scholar
Devereaux, P, Marcucci, M, Painter, T. Tranexamic acid in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery New England Journal of Medicine. 2022; 386: 19861997.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hebert, PC, Wells, G, Blajchman, MA et al. Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. A multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial of transfusion requirements in critical care. New England Journal of Medicine. 1999; 340: 409417.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hill, SR, Carless, PA, Henry, DA et al. Transfusion thresholds and other strategies for guiding allogeneic red blood cell transfusion. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2000.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Horlocker, T et al. Regional Anesthesia in the Patient Receiving Antithrombotic or Thrombolytic Therapy: American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Evidence-Based Guidelines (Third Edition) Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine: January/February 2010; 35 (1): 64101CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shah, U, Narayanan, M, Smith, J. Anaesthetic considerations in patients with inherited disorders of coagulation. BJA Education. 2014; available from https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/15/1/26/257411CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stainsby, D, MacLennan, S, Thomas, D, Isaac, J, Hamilton, PJ. Guidelines on the management of massive blood loss. British Journal of Haematology. 2006; 135: 634641.Google ScholarPubMed

Further Reading

Howard-Alpe, GM, de Bono, J, Hudsmith, L, et al. Coronary artery stents and non-cardiac surgery. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2007; 98(5): 560574.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Keeling, D, Campbell, TR, Watson, H. Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland, Obstetric Anaesthetists’ Association and Regional Anaesthesia UK. Regional anaesthesia and patients with abnormalities of coagulation. Anaesthesia. 2013; 68: 966972.Google Scholar
Peri-operative management of anti-coagulant and anti-platelet therapy. British Journal of Haematology. 2016; 175: 602–613.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Further Reading

Barker, RC Marval, P et al. Venous thromboembolism: Risks and prevention Continuing Education in Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain. 2011; 11 (1): 1823.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jaff, MR et al. Management of massive and submassive pulmonary embolism, iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis, and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2011; 123 (16): 1788–830.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Luff, D. et al. Fat embolism syndrome British Journal of Anaesthesia Education. 21 (9): 322–328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
National Institute of Clinical Excellence Clinical Guideline 46. Venous Thromboembolism: Reducing the Risk of Venous Thromboembolism in Inpatients Undergoing Surgery. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, 2007 www.nice.org.uk/guidance/CG92.Google Scholar
National Institute of Clinical Excellence Guideline 158 Venous thromboembolic diseases: Diagnosis, management and thrombophilia testing www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng158.Google Scholar

Further Reading

Aziz, R, Price, J, Agarwal, B. Management of acute liver failure in intensive care. British Journal of Anaesthesia Education. 2021; 21: 110116.Google ScholarPubMed
Seshadri, A, Appelbaum, R, Carmichael, SP, et al. Management of decompensated cirrhosis in the surgical ICU: An American Association for the Surgery of Trauma Critical Care Committee Clinical Consensus Document. Trauma Surgery and Acute Care Open 2022; 7: e000936.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Starczewska, M, Mon, W, Shirley, P. Anaesthesia in patients with liver disease. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology 2017; 30: 392398.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vaja, R, McNicol, L, Sisley, I. Anaesthesia for patients with liver disease. British Journal of Anaesthesia Education. 2010; 10: 1519.Google Scholar

Further Reading

Mastoraki, A, Karatzis, E, Mastoraki, S, et al. Postoperative jaundice after cardiac surgery. Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Disease International. 2007; 6: 383387.Google ScholarPubMed
Vaja, R, McNicol, L, Sisley, I. Anaesthesia for patients with liver disease. Continuing Education in Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain. 2010; 10(1): 1519.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walton, B, Simpson, BR, Strunin, L, et al. Unexplained hepatitis following halothane. British Medical Journal 1976; 1: 11711176.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weitz, J, Kienle, P, Bohrer, H, et al. Fatal hepatic necrosis after isoflurane anaesthesia. Anaesthesia. 1997; 52: 892895.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Further Reading

Daum, P, Smelt, J, Ibrahim, I. Perioperative management of myasthenia gravis British Journal of Anaesthesia Education. 2021; 21(11) 414419.Google ScholarPubMed
Driessen, J. Neuromuscular and mitochondrial disorders: What is relevant to the anaesthesiologist? Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology. 2008; 21(3) 350355.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marsh, S, Pittard, A. Neuromuscular disorders and anaesthesia, part 2: Specific neuromuscular disorders Continuing Education in Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain. 2011; 11(4) 119123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marsh, S, Ross, N, Pittard, A. Neuromuscular disorders and anaesthesia, part 1: Generic anaesthetic management Continuing Education in Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain. 2011; 11(4) 115118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Further Reading

MacDuff, A, Arnold, A, Harvey, J. Management of spontaneous pneumothorax: British Thoracic Society pleural disease guideline. Thorax. 2010; 65: ii18ii31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Further Reading

Lumb, A, Biercamp, C. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and anaesthesia. Continuing Education in Anaesthesia Critical Care and Pain. 2014; 14(1): 15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Health improvement Scotland. BTS/SIGN British Guideline for the management of asthma. Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. 2016; 158.Google Scholar

Further Reading

Gunasekera, P, Gratrix, A. Ventilator-associated pneumonia. British Journal of Anaesthesia Education. 2016; 16(6): 198202.Google Scholar
Morgan, AJ, Glossop, AJ. Severe community-acquired pneumonia. British Journal of Anaesthesia Education. 2016; 16 (5): 167172.Google ScholarPubMed

Further Reading

BTS guidelines: Guidelines on the selection of patients with lung cancer for surgery. Thorax. 2001; 56(2): 89108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kevin, LG, Barnard, M. Right ventricular failure. Continuing Education in Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain. 2007; 7(3): 8994.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lung cancer: Diagnosis and management [Nice guideline NG122]. 2024. www.nice.org.ukGoogle Scholar
Travis, WD, Costabel, U, Hansell, DM, Jr.King, TE, Lynch, DA, Nicholson, AG, et al. An official American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society statement: Update of the international multidisciplinary classification of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2013; 188(6): 733748.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Further Reading

Bradley, T, Teare, T, and Milner, Q. Anaesthetic management of patients requiring vascular access surgery for renal dialysis. British Journal of Anaesthesia. Education. 2017; 17 (8): 269274.Google Scholar
Chronic kidney disease: Assessment and management, NICE guideline (NG203) August 2021Google Scholar
Craig, RG, Hunter, JM. Recent developments in the perioperative management of adult patients with chronic kidney disease. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2008; 101 (3): 296310CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Milner, Q. Pathophysiology of chronic renal failure. British Journal of Anaesthesia. CEPD Reviews. 2003; 3(5): 130133.Google Scholar
National Kidney Foundation. The National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI). www.kidney.org/professionals/kdoqi/Google Scholar
UK Renal Registry (2021) UK Renal Registry 23rd Annual Report – data to 31/12/2019, Bristol, UK. Available from renal.org/audit-research/annual-report.Google Scholar

Accessibility standard: Unknown

Accessibility compliance for the PDF of this book is currently unknown and may be updated in the future.

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge-org.demo.remotlog.com is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • Medicine
  • Edited by Rebecca Leslie, Royal United Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bath, Emily Johnson, Worcester Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester, Gary Thomas, Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board, Bridgend, Philip Harrington, West Midlands Deanery, Birmingham
  • Book: Dr Podcast Scripts for the Final FRCA
  • Online publication: 26 May 2025
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • Medicine
  • Edited by Rebecca Leslie, Royal United Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bath, Emily Johnson, Worcester Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester, Gary Thomas, Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board, Bridgend, Philip Harrington, West Midlands Deanery, Birmingham
  • Book: Dr Podcast Scripts for the Final FRCA
  • Online publication: 26 May 2025
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Medicine
  • Edited by Rebecca Leslie, Royal United Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bath, Emily Johnson, Worcester Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester, Gary Thomas, Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board, Bridgend, Philip Harrington, West Midlands Deanery, Birmingham
  • Book: Dr Podcast Scripts for the Final FRCA
  • Online publication: 26 May 2025
Available formats
×