China’s rapid rise as a leading global exporter of manufacturing goods since its accession to the WTO in 2001 has been the focus of both admiration and, increasingly, concern, but China is also a large importer of goods, particularly agricultural products. Since China’s accession to the WTO, Chinese agricultural exports have increased by 8 per cent annually while imports have risen by almost twice that rate. China has become the world’s largest importer of agricultural products and the first or second largest destination for many of the world’s top agricultural exporters such as the United States, Brazil, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and Argentina. This paper examines the evolution of China’s agricultural trade since accession and discusses how agricultural trade policy and domestic support policies have evolved, particularly emphasizing China’s experience as a complainant and a respondent in WTO trade disputes.