This chapter examines how the local issue of notes, wage payments, and the brokerage of bills of exchange over longer distances came together in the form of county banks after 1760. Certain tradesmen and industrialists moved from financing their own businesses to providing finance on a more exclusive basis to their communities in the form of institutions they then decided to call banks. This chapter will show how trust in individual local brokers was gradually transformed into institutions that their owners termed banks, and how they became a part of local society. They emerged out of local practice, and did not generally copy London institutions such as Child’s or Hoare’s banks. It will also examine just how important the payment of industrial wage labour was in the formation of county banking. The chapter will end by placing Adam Smith’s advocacy of banking and his discussion of capital in the context of the developments described in this book. It was Smith’s contention that the value of labour converted into abstract capital was the wealth of a nation. His was a ‘capitalism’ based on the ethics needed to create the conditions to make capital keep its value.