Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-cb9f654ff-lqqdg Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-08-30T16:52:53.297Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

24 - Consumers and Healthcare

The Reluctant Consumer

from Part III - Societal Structures

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 October 2015

By
Janet A. Schwartz
Edited by
Michael I. Norton ,
Derek D. Rucker  and
Cait Lamberton
Michael I. Norton
Affiliation:
Harvard Business School, Harvard University
Derek D. Rucker
Affiliation:
Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University
Cait Lamberton
Affiliation:
Katz Graduate School of Business, University of Pittsburgh
Get access

Summary

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'

Information

Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge Handbook of Consumer Psychology , pp. 647 - 672
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2015

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Book purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Affordable Care Act. (2010). Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. Public Law (111–148).Google Scholar
Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behavior. In Action Control: From Cognition to Behavior (pp. 11–39). Heidelberg, Germany: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
American Lung Association (n.d.). Lung cancer fact sheet. Retrieved June 22, 2014, from www.lung.org/lung-disease/lung-cancer/resources/facts-figures/lung-cancer-fact-sheet.html.Google Scholar
Apple (n.d.). Apple – iPhone 5s – App Store. Retrieved June 30, 2014, from www.apple.com/iphone-5s/app-store/.Google Scholar
Ariely, D., & Wertenbroch, K. (2002). Procrastination, deadlines, and performance: Self-control by precommitment. Psychological Science, 13(3), 219–224.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Banks, S. M., Salovey, P., Greener, S., Rothman, A. J., Moyer, A., Beauvais, J., & Epel, E. (1995). The effects of message framing on mammography utilization. Health Psychology, 14(2), 178–184.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baron, J., & Spranca, M. (1997). Protected values. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 70(1), 1–16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bartels, D. M., & Rips, L. J. (2010). Psychological connectedness and intertemporal choice. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 139(1), 49–69.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baumeister, R. F., Bratslavsky, E., Muraven, M., & Tice, D. M. (1998). Ego depletion: Is the active self a limited resource? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(5), 1252–1265.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Becker, M. H. (1974). The Health Belief Model and Personal Health Behavior. Thorofare, NJ: C. B. Slack.Google Scholar
Brewer, N. T., Chapman, G. B., Gibbons, F. X., Gerrard, M., McCaul, K. D., & Weinstein, N. D. (2007). Meta-analysis of the relationship between risk perception and health behavior: The example of vaccination. Health Psychology, 26(2), 136.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brewer, N. T., Chapman, G. B., Schwartz, J. A., & Bergus, G. R. (2007). The influence of irrelevant anchors on the judgments and choices of doctors and patients. Medical Decision Making, 27(2), 203–211.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cain, D. M., & Detsky, A. S. (2008). Everyone's a little bit biased (even physicians). Journal of American Medical Association, 299(24), 2893–2895.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Campbell, M. C. (1999). Perceptions of price unfairness: Antecedents and consequences. Journal of Marketing Research, 36(2), 187–199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). (2014a). Adult cigarette smoking in the United States: Current estimates. February 14. Retrieved June 21, 2014, from www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/adult_data/cig_smoking/.Google Scholar
CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). (2014b). Adult obesity facts. March 28. Retrieved June 28, 2014, from www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/adult.html.Google Scholar
Chandon, Pierre (2013). How package design and packaged-based marketing claims lead to overeating. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 35(1), 7–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chandon, P., & Wansink, B. (2012). Does food marketing need to make us fat? A review and solutions. Nutrition Reviews, 70(10), 571–593.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chapman, G. B. (1998). Sooner or later: The psychology of intertemporal choice. Psychology of Learning and Motivation, 38, 83–113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chapman, G. B, Li, M., Colby, H., & Yoon, H. (2010). Opting in versus opting out of influenza vaccination. Journal of the American Medical Association, 304(1), 43–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Charness, G., & Gneezy, U. (2009). Incentives to exercise. Econometrica, 77(3), 909–931.Google Scholar
Cialdini, R. B. (1984). Influence. New York: Morrow.Google Scholar
Cutler, D. M., Glaeser, E. L., & Shapiro, J. M. (2003). Why have Americans become more obese? Journal of Economic Perspectives, 17(3), 93–118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Donatelle, R. J., Hudson, D., Dobie, S., Goodall, A., Hunsberger, M., & Oswald, K. (2004). Incentives in smoking cessation: Status of the field and implications for research and practice with pregnant smokers. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 6(Supp 2) 163–179.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dreze, X., Hoch, S. J., & Purk, M. E. (1995). Shelf management and space elasticity. Journal of Retailing, 70(4), 301–326.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drummond, M., & Towse, A. (2012). Is it time to reconsider the role of patient co-payments for pharmaceuticals in Europe? European Journal of Health Economics, 13(1), 1–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Emanuel, E., Tanden, N., Altman, S., Armstrong, S., Berwick, D., de Brantes, F., & Spiro, T. (2012). A systemic approach to containing health care spending. New England Journal of Medicine, 367(10), 949–954.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Finkelstein, E. A., DiBonaventura, M. D., Burgess, S. M., & Hale, B. C. (2010). The costs of obesity in the workplace. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 52(10), 971–76.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Finkelstein, E. A., Trogdon, J. G., Cohen, J. W., & Dietz, W. (2009). Annual medical spending attributable to obesity: Payer and service-specific estimates. Health Affairs, 28(5), 822–831.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, Attitude, Intention, and Behavior: An introduction to Theory and Research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.Google Scholar
Fiske, A. P. (1992). The four elementary forms of sociality: Framework for a unified theory of social relations. Psychological Review, 99, 689–723.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fiske, A. P., & Tetlock, P. E. (1997). Taboo trade-offs: Reactions to transactions that transgress the spheres of justice. Political Psychology, 18(2), 255–297.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fraeyman, J., Verbelen, M., Hens, N., Van Hal, G., De Loof, H., & Beutels, P. (2013). Evolutions in both co-payment and generic market share for common medication in the Belgian Reference Pricing System. Applied Health Economics and Health Policy, 11(5), 543–552.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frederick, S., Loewenstein, G., & O'Donoghue, T. (2002). Time discounting and time preference: A critical review. Journal of Economic Literature, 40(2), 351–401.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giné, X., Karlan, D., & Zinman, J. (2010). Put your money where your butt is: A commitment contract for smoking cessation. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2(4), 213–235.Google Scholar
Gneezy, U., Meier, S., & Rey-Biel, P. (2011). When and why incentives (don't) work to modify behavior. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 25(4), 191–209.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldman, D. P., Joyce, G. F., & Zheng, Y. (2007). Prescription drug cost sharing: Associations with medication and medical utilization and spending and health. Journal of the American Medical Association, 298(1), 61–69.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hagger, M. S., Wood, C., Stiff, C., & Chatzisarantis, N. L. D. (2010). Ego-depletion and the strength model of self-control: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 136, 495–525.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Health Care Cost Institute (n.d.). Spending on prescriptions in 2011. Retrieved June 30, 2014, from www.healthcostinstitute.org/files/HCCI_IB4_Prescriptions.pdf.Google Scholar
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. (1996). Public Law (104–191).Google Scholar
Hoadley, J., Summer, L., Hargrave, E., & Cubanski, J. (2013). Medicare Part D prescription drug plans: The marketplace in 2013 and key trends, 2006–2013. Menlo Park, CA: Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. Retrieved June 24, 2014, from http://kff.org/medicare/issue-brief/medicare-part-d-prescription-drug-plans-the-marketplace-in-2013-and-key-trends-2006-2013/.Google Scholar
Homer, . (1991). The Iliad. (Knox, B., ed. Fagles, R., trans.) New York: Penguin Classics.Google Scholar
John, L. K., Loewenstein, G., Troxel, A. B., Norton, L., Fassbender, J. E., & Volpp, K. G. (2011). Financial incentives for extended weight loss: A randomized, controlled trial. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 26(6), 621–626.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johnson, E. J., & Goldstein, D. (2003). Do defaults save lives? Science, 302(5649), 1338–1339.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kahn, B. E., & Luce, M. F. (2003). Understanding high-stakes consumer decisions: Mammography adherence following false-alarm test results. Marketing Science, 22(3), 393–410.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kamenica, E., Naclerio, R., & Malani, A. (2013). Advertisements impact the physiological efficacy of a branded drug. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(32), 12931–12935.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Keller, P. A., & Block, L. G. (1995). When to accentuate the negative: The effects of perceived efficacy and message framing on intentions to perform a health-related behavior. Journal of Marketing Research, 32(2), 192–203.Google Scholar
Keller, P. A., & Block, L. G. (1996). Increasing the persuasiveness of fear appeals: The effect of arousal and elaboration. Journal of Consumer Research, 22(4), 448–459.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kunda, Z. (1990). The case for motivated reasoning. Psychological Bulletin, 108(3), 480.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leventhal, H., Singer, R., & Jones, S. (1965). Effects of fear and specificity of recommendation upon attitudes and behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2(1), 20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Loewenstein, G., & Prelec, D. (1992). Anomalies in intertemporal choice: Evidence and an interpretation. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107, 573–597.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luce, M. F. (1998). Choosing to avoid: Coping with negatively emotion-laden consumer decisions. Journal of Consumer Research, 24(4), 409–433.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luce, M. F. (2005). Decision making as coping. Health Psychology, 24(4), 23.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Luce, M. F., Bettman, J. R., & Payne, J. W. (1997). Choice processing in emotionally difficult decisions. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 23(2), 384–405.Google ScholarPubMed
Luce, M. F., & Kahn, B. E. (1999). Avoidance or vigilance? The psychology of false-positive test results. Journal of Consumer Research, 26(3), 242–259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luce, M. F., Payne, J. W., & Bettman, J. R. (1999). Emotional trade-off difficulty and choice. Journal of Marketing Research, 36(2), 143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malenka, D. J., Baron, J. A., Johansen, S., Wahrenberger, J. W., & Ross, J. M. (1993). The framing effect of relative and absolute risk. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 8(10), 543–548.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Manning, W. G., Newhouse, J. P., Duan, N., Keeler, E. B., & Leibowitz, A. (1987). Health insurance and the demand for medical care: Evidence from a randomized experiment. American Economic Review, 77, 251–277.Google ScholarPubMed
McBride, C. M., Emmons, K. M., & Lipkus, I. M. (2003). Understanding the potential of teachable moments: The case of smoking cessation. Health Education Research, 18(2), 156–170.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McGraw, A. P., Schwartz, J. A., & Tetlock, P. E. (2012). From the commercial to the communal: Reframing taboo trade-offs in religious and pharmaceutical marketing. Journal of Consumer Research, 39(1), 157–173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGraw, A. P., & Tetlock, P. (2005). Taboo trade-offs, relational framing, and the acceptability of exchanges. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 15(1), 2–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Menon, G., Block, L. G., & Ramanathan, S. (2002). We're at as much risk as we are led to believe: Effects of message cues on judgments of health risk. Journal of Consumer Research, 28(4), 533–549.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Menon, G., Raghubir, P., & Agrawal, N. (2008). Health risk perceptions and consumer psychology. In Haugtveldt, C. P., Herr, P., & Kardes, F. (eds.), Handbook of Consumer Psychology (pp. 981–1010). New York and London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Metcalfe, J., & Mischel, W. (1999). A hot/cool-system analysis of delay of gratification: Dynamics of willpower. Psychological Review, 106(1), 3–19.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mochon, D., Schwartz, J., Maroba, J., Patel, D., & Ariely, D. (2015). Gain without pain: The extended effects of a behavioral health intervention. Unpublished manuscript, Tulane University.Google Scholar
Moffitt, T. E., Arseneault, L., Belsky, D., Dickson, N., Hancox, R. J., Harrington, H., Caspi, A., et al. (2011). A gradient of childhood self-control predicts health, wealth, and public safety. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(7), 2693–2698.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Monroe, K. B., & Krishnan, R. (1985). The effect of price on subjective product evaluations. In Jacoby, J. & Olson, J. C. (eds.), Perceived Quality: How Consumers View Stores and Merchandise (pp. 209–232). Lexington, MA: LexingtonBooks.Google Scholar
Muraven, M., & Baumeister, R. F. (2000). Self-regulation and depletion of limited resources: Does self-control resemble a muscle? Psychological Bulletin, 126(2), 247.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
O'Donoghue, T., & Rabin, M. (1999). Doing it now or later. American Economic Review, 89(1), 103–124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Donoghue, T., & Rabin, M. (2001). Choice and procrastination. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 116(1), 121–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ogden, C. L., Carroll, M. D., Kit, B. K., & Flegal, K. M. (2014). Prevalence of childhood and adult obesity in the United States, 2011–2012. Journal of the American Medical Association, 311(8), 806–814.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Raghubir, P., & Menon, G. (1998). AIDS and me, never the twain shall meet: The effects of information accessibility on judgments of risk and advertising effectiveness. Journal of Consumer Research, 25(1), 52–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raghunathan, R., & Trope, Y. (2002). Walking the tightrope between feeling good and being accurate: Mood as a resource in processing persuasive messages. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83(3), 510–525.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rao, A. R. (2005). The quality of price as a quality cue. Journal of Marketing Research, 42(4), 401–405.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rao, A. R., & Monroe, K. B. (1988). The moderating effect of prior knowledge on cue utilization in product evaluations. Journal of Consumer Research, 15(2), 253–264.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rao, A. R., & Monroe, K. B. (1989). The effect of price, brand name, and store name on buyers’ perceptions of product quality: An integrative review. Journal of Marketing Research, 26(3), 351–357.Google Scholar
Redelmeier, D. A., & Shafir, E. (1995). Medical decision making in situations that offer multiple alternatives. Journal of the American Medical Association, 273(4), 302–305.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ritov, I., & Baron, J. (1999). Protected values and omission bias. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 79(2), 79–94.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rothman, A. J., & Salovey, P. (1997). Shaping perceptions to motivate healthy behavior: The role of message framing. Psychological Bulletin, 121(1), 3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ruiter, R. A., Abraha, M. C., & Kok, G. (2001). Scary warnings and rational precautions: A review of the psychology of fear appeals. Psychology and Health, 16(6), 613–630.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Samper, A., & Schwartz, J. A. (2012). Price inferences for sacred versus secular goods: Changing the price of medicine influences perceived health risk. Journal of Consumer Research, 39(6), 1343–1358.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Samuelson, W., & Zeckhauser, R. (1988). Status quo bias in decision making. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 1(1), 7–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwartz, J. A., & Chapman, G. B. (1999). Are more options always better? The attraction effect in physicians’ decisions about medications. Medical Decision Making, 19(3), 315–323.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schwartz, J., Luce, M. F., & Ariely, D. (2011). Are consumers too trusting? The effects of relationships with expert advisers. Journal of Marketing Research, 48, S163–S174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwartz, J., Mochon, D., Wyper, L., Maroba, J., Patel, D., & Ariely, D. (2014). Healthier by precommitment. Psychological Science, 25, 538–546.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schwartz, J., Riis, J., Elbel, B., & Ariely, D. (2012). Inviting consumers to downsize fast-food portions significantly reduces calorie consumption. Health Affairs, 31(2), 399–407.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shiv, B., Carmon, Z., & Ariely, D. (2005). Placebo effects of marketing actions: Consumers may get what they pay for. Journal of Marketing Research, 42(4), 383–393.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shrank, W. H., Choudhry, N. K., Agnew-Blais, J., Federman, A. D., Liberman, J. N., Liu, J., Fischer, M. A., et al. (2010). State generic substitution laws can lower drug outlays under Medicaid. Health Affairs, 29(7), 1383–1390.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shrank, W. H., Cox, E. R., Fischer, M. A., Mehta, J., & Choudhry, N. K. (2009). Patients’ perceptions of generic medications. Health Affairs, 28(2), 546–556.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Singer, N. (2014). When a health plan knows how you shop. New York Times, June 28. Retrieved June 29, 2014, from www.nytimes.com/2014/06/29/technology/when-a-health-plan-knows-how-you-shop.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&version=HpSumSmallMediaHigh&module=second-column-region®ion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&_r=0.Google Scholar
Tetlock, P. E. (2003). Thinking the unthinkable: Sacred values and taboo cognitions. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 7(7), 320–324.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
stickK (n.d.). Who's stickKing? Change starts now. Retrieved June 30, 2014, from www.stickk.com.Google Scholar
Tetlock, P. E., Kristel, O. V., Elson, S. B., Green, M. C., & Lerner, J. S. (2000). The psychology of the unthinkable: Taboo trade-offs, forbidden base rates, and heretical counterfactuals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78(5), 853.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thaler, R. H., & Sunstein, C. R. (2008). Nudge: Improving Decisions about Health, Wealth, and Happiness. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Thorndike, A. N., Sonnenberg, L., Riis, J., Barraclough, S., & Levy, D. E. (2012). A 2-phase labeling and choice architecture intervention to improve healthy food and beverage choices. American Journal of Public Health, 102(3), 527–533.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Truby, H., Baic, S., DeLooy, A., Fox, K. R., Livingstone, M. B. E., Logan, C. M., Millward, D. J., et al. (2006). Randomised controlled trial of four commercial weight loss programmes in the UK: Initial findings from the BBC “diet trials.” British Medical Journal, 332(7553), 1309–1314.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tsai, A. G., & Wadden, T. A. (2005). Systematic review: An evaluation of major commercial weight loss programs in the United States. Annals of Internal Medicine, 142(1), 56–66.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1986). Rational choice and the framing of decisions. Journal of Business, 59(4), 251–278.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. (2009). Screening for breast cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Annals of Internal Medicine, 151(10), 716–726.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Volpp, K. G., John, L. K., Troxel, A. B., Norton, L., Fassbender, J., & Loewenstein, G. (2008a). Financial incentive–based approaches for weight loss. Journal of the American Medical Association, 300, 2631–2637CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Volpp, K. G., Levy, A. G., Asch, D. A., Berlin, J. A., Murphy, J. J., Gomez, A., Lerman, C., et al. (2006). A randomized controlled trial of financial incentives for smoking cessation. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, 15, 12–18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Volpp, K.G., Loewenstein, G., Troxel, A. B., Doshi, J., Price, M., Laskin, M., & Kimmel, S. E. (2008b). A test of financial incentives to improve warfarin adherence. Biomedical Central Health Services Research, 8(1), 272.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Volpp, K. G., Troxel, A. B., Pauly, M. V., Glick, H. A., Puig, A., Asch, D. A., DeGuzman, J., et al. (2009). A randomized, controlled trial of financial incentives for smoking cessation. New England Journal of Medicine, 360(7), 699–709.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vosgerau, J. (2010). How prevalent is wishful thinking? Misattribution of arousal causes optimism and pessimism in subjective probabilities. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 139(1), 32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Waber, R. L., Shiv, B., Carmon, Z., & Ariely, D. (2008). Commercial features of placebo and therapeutic efficacy. Journal of the American Medical Association, 299(9), 1016–1017.Google ScholarPubMed
Wansink, B. (2004). Environmental factors that increase the food intake and consumption volume of unknowing consumers. Annual Review Nutrition, 24, 455–479.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wansink, B., & Chandon, P. (2014). Slim by design: Redirecting the accidental drivers of mindless overeating. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 24(3), 413–431.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wansink, B., Payne, C. R., & Chandon, P. (2007). Internal and external cues of meal cessation: The French paradox redux? Obesity, 15(12), 2920–2924.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Webb, T. L., & Sheeran, P. (2006). Does changing behavioral intentions engender behavior change? A meta-analysis of the experimental evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 132(2), 249–268.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weinstein, N. D. (1982). Unrealistic optimism about susceptibility to health problems. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 5(4), 441–460.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weinstein, N. D. (1984). Why it won't happen to me: Perceptions of risk factors and susceptibility. Health Psychology, 3(5), 431.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wertenbroch, K. (1998). Consumption self-control by rationing purchase quantities of virtue and vice. Marketing Science, 17(4), 317–337.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wisdom, J., Downs, J. S., & Loewenstein, G. (2010). Promoting healthy choices: Information versus convenience. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2(2), 164–178.Google Scholar

Accessibility standard: Unknown

Accessibility compliance for the PDF of this book is currently unknown and may be updated in the future.

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge-org.demo.remotlog.com is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×